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Frequently asked Questions (FAQ)

Frequently asked Questions (FAQ) about colloidal mineral waters by Dr John Stewart Feb, 2018
Use our Blog and Site Map for more information


alternating polarity (self cleaning) of electrodes
Alzheimers treatment & prevention with cs
colloidal silver: what is it?
cancer treatment with cs
colloidal generators our models & features
what distinguishes your generator above others?
Nanometre size control
number of channels
batches versus in-line industrial production
industrial volumes
benefits of nanosilver water ?
Genito-urinary treatment
benefits against aids and other pathogens?
Silver science: effectiveness
conductivity: relation to ppm, reliability, meters and pwt testers we sell.
Containers: 1 to 8 litres, 50 gallon container, clear or dark bottles, storing, plastic or glass
constant current control; overdriving electrodes
Diluting  Can I dilute a concentrate?
historical uses of cs
animals, plants also benefits
safety of silver
gold : making colloidal gold, benefits
gold electrode sizes available
electrodes available
electrodes sizes benefits of large area electrodes, mounting, your own electrodes
electrodes: other metal minerals: zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, titanium, platinum, germanium,
electrodes self-cleaning: alternating polarity, cleaning after each batch
electrodes become covered with a fine deposit. Why?
dosage:
high frequency modulation:
immune system benefits
ionic v particulateinstructions for making colloidal mineral waters: 
industrial quantities: multiple batches or in-line manufacturing of colloidal waters
Meter to monitor current through electrodes
ppm: parts per million of silver in water, concentration
ppm measuring ppm
particle size: testing & verifying, electron microscopy, doppler mobility
portable, emergency colloidal generator models our smallest colloidal generators- blender, stericard
power supply: why 48 volts, internationally approved supply, checking generator function
Platinum: colloidal benefits, especially on brain
quality & nanoparticle size
quality: based on effectiveness, relation to particle size, colour, filtering
quality and color of the final colloidal product. Need for filtering?  Clear or cloudy? Tyndall effect references and scientific publications about colloidal silver
Quantity producable by one pair of electrodes
stericard
stirrer: benefits on quality, vortex, magnetic stirrer
subtle energies: sacred geometry, invocations,
testing the generator
viruses
water sources: distilled, ro, well water, oxygen, ozonised water, no chlorine, avoid hard water.
zeta potential
Returns Policy:  Please read before sending back anything
Returns Instructions:
Shipping: international & domestic, tracking, insurance
Warranty & support: repairs, support to our customers
Ordering: payment methods
Price lists:


what is colloidal silver and nanosilver water ?


WHAT IS COLLOIDAL SILVER?  NANOSILVER WATER is an advanced form of Colloidal Silver (CS). It is the result of years of research to produce the highest quality product and cannot be compared to crude CS as sold world-wide, since CS is still made by a rapid crude method which results in ion formation and unnecessarily large particles greater than 20-50 nanometres, which cannot pass the Blood-Brain Barrier.  NANOSILVER WATER has all the benefits and more of CS. NANOSILVER WATER is made from pure, chlorine-free water electrically charged (Zeta Potential) so as to alter the structure of the molecules of the water. We use large solid sheet electrodes of silver and gold to pass very weak electrical signals through the water slowly over 48 hours rather than over-driving the electrodes in a few minutes as is typical in the making of crude colloidal silver. NANOSILVER WATER typically contains only trace concentrations of up to 50 ppm of Silver and Gold. To demonstrate how little this is, commercial water labeled as "Sodium-Free" has 10 ppm of Sodium. NANOSILVER WATER has minimal effects on benign bacteria of the colon because NANOSILVER WATER is rapidly absorbed into the mouth and small intestine. Taken orally, properly prepared mono-atomic silver in the form of NANOSILVER WATER could regain its rightful place as the safest, most effective contribution
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF NANOSILVER WATER ?
NANOSILVER WATER seems to have an exceptional range of effectiveness such that it has been used in situations of morbidity either alone or in combination with other remedies. During times of natural disaster and in tropical countries, it is an ideal inexpensive water sterilization and disease prevention regime. In farming, veterinary medicine and fish hatcheries, all animals should have a regular supplement of NANOSILVER WATER . In agriculture, sprouting and horticulture NANOSILVER WATER has usefulness on plants by slowing down the wilting process as well as protecting against parasites. Minute traces of metallic silver in atomic form are reported to have the unique property of inactivating several strains of bacteria, certain viruses, moulds, fungi, protozoa parasites and possibly prions (infective protein causing brain damage). In its elemental, atomic (non-ionic) form, silver has no toxicity, no cumulative side effects nor does it give rise to resistant strains, unlike some antibiotics.
ALZHEIMERS TREATED WITH CS:
Alzheimer's Disease May Result From Distant Past Brain Infections with organisms susceptible to colloidal silver  http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2016/06/09/alzheimers-disease-brain-infection.aspx
Emerging evidence links bacterial or viral infection with the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease The once fringe idea is gaining traction among the scientific community. By Jill U. Adams | September 1, 2017  http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/50212/title/Infographic--Brain-Infection-and-Alzheimer-s-Disease-Pathology/
IMMUNE SYSTEM BENEFITS?
Dr. Robert O. Becker, MD, noted bio-medical researcher from Syracuse University, and author of "The Body Electric" and "Cross Currents", recognized a correlation between low silver levels and sickness. He said silver deficiency is responsible for the improper functioning of the immune system. According to Dr. Becker and Dr Gary Smith, silver is an essential mineral for proper functioning of the immune system and for the repair of injured tissue. Analyses of individuals with severe immune deficiency often indicate a lower than normal level of silver in the body which should be .001%. Colloidal silver literature recommends a maintenance nutritional dose of at least 100 micrograms of silver daily to counteract immuno-deficiency.
As we grow older our immune systems decline in function at an average rate of 1% per year. This system not only defends the body from poisons and outside invaders, it is also responsible for cleansing the body of toxins, and is also responsible for the creation and feeding of new cells. The immune system is a central computer whose function is to maintain good health. When we reach the age of 18 to 21, the immune system is functioning at peak efficiency. When we are younger, we can fight off minor infections but as we grow older, trivial infections or colds may turn into life threatening events.
A good immune system should be able to withstand common ailments such as a cold, flu, or candidiasis, herpes. Even the more serious illnesses of cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome and AIDS could be deterred if the human immune system were strong and vital. Over the last century, human (and animal) immune systems have been getting weaker likely due to global pollution combined with lack of essential minerals in the soils. While at the same time, destructive, illness-causing microbes have been getting stronger due to the overuse of prescribed antibiotics. An antibiotic may kill most of the harmful bacteria. However, some of the bacteria survive to breed stronger cells which then become resistant to the antibiotic. There are now strains of super-microbes that are unkillable by any known prescribed antibiotic. Obviously, there is a crisis brewing in the condition of life on this planet. Most humans are functioning with a borderline internal immune system often insufficient to fight off disease.
The modern immune system is overtaxed daily with the constant bombardment of chemical pollutants in the air, water and even our food. Before 1940, most of our food was grown using organic, natural fertilizer. The soil and natural fertilizer contained many trace chemicals necessary to the human body which supported its natural defence system. Today, the soil itself is far less vital and the fertilizers are synthetic, chemical versions which have none of the trace elements found in organic fertilizer. One of those essential elements which has been disappearing from our food supply is silver. If we eat plants grown on chemical fertilizers, as most plants are grown today, without living organisms in the soil to help provide nutrition to the plant, we do not get the quality of vitamins and minerals that are available in organically grown foods. Thus, deficiencies develop. As the tissues age, or if we cannot assimilate silver for some reason, we develop a silver deficiency and an impaired immune system that could possibly lead to cancer and other diseases.
As a result, our CS water is the best quality (smallest particle size) based on independent lab reports at http://www.biophysica.com/analysis.htm
 All of our CS models have constant current control, high frequency carrier waves and self-cleaning (Alternating polarity) and also motorised stirrer which creates a vortex which further energises the water. All of our products contain Radionic and Sacred Geometry protection circuitry against energies described by Emoto at www.masaru-emoto.net
Models of our generators: Domestic, Commercial, Industrial, Travel
WHAT DISTINGUISHES YOUR GENERATOR ABOVE OTHERS?
Look at http://www.biophysica.com/colloidal_generator/colloidal_generators_domestic.php#purchasecustompackage
Electrical charging current is slowly ramped up over the first hour, automatically controlled and programmed by a proprietary constant current feedback circuit invented by Biophysica. This is to ensure a range of the smallest Angstrom sized mono-atomic (ORMUS) and diatomic particles, commonly called mesocolloids, (analysed to be up to 8 nanometres) capable of entering bacteria, viruses, and possibly prions, mitochondria and microtubules. Most other generators on the market drive excessive uncontrolled current through thin wire or rod electrodes in a short time. These inevitably produce ions and large particles measuring over 100 nanometres which are relatively ineffective against smaller vicious viruses and prions.
Our electrodes are large area solid sheet medical quality 0.9999 pure metal, rather than thin wires. Not only will they last longer, they provide a lower, level of electric current density per square centimetre, thus producing smaller mono (ORMUS) and di-atomic clusters, rather than ions which become ineffective in the human body, by forming insoluble silver chloride.
POWER:  Powered by 24v or 48 v wall adapter power supply, from 110 to 230 volts, 50 or 60 Hertz. or from battery or Solar Panel. Our generators can be powered from Solar Cells, hand-crank dynamo or automobile battery.  Internationally approved switching power supplies from the top manufacturers (usually Meanwell).  They have the following international regulatory safety approvals suitable for all countries: UL, CUL, CE, TUV, CSA.  
Our colloidal generators have Constant Current control, motor driven magnetized stirrer, high frequency pulses, alternating polarity, zapper output, choice of 12 different constant current user-programmable levels for 12 different metals and option of voltage output to monitor water conductivity as an approximate measure of ppm
Power Supply :  We often use 48 volts for the production of Colloidal Gold or Platinum Water, because gold is difficult to electrolyze.  For silver, 24 volts is usually sufficient.  All of our power supplies are internationally approved for line power of any country in the World.  24 volts is usual for silver, although 12 volts would be sufficient.  The generator uses only about 1 watt and can be powered from solar or wind sources.  Two small 12 volt batteries in series would give 24 volts.  Our power supplies are internationally approved and work in any country
NANOMETRE SIZE CONTROL (N):  We provide the user with the option of controlling particle size down to 1 nanometre (10 Angstroms, 0.001 microns). This allows the user to choose or emphasize quality over quantity or the opposite.  Quality (small particles) is important to inactivate viruses and will be less important where large volumes are desired.  All of our models now have nanometer size control.  For the utmost in quality, turn this knob down to the lowest level for the smallest Nanoparticles
NUMBER OF CHANNELS : For home use, we have the single channel CS1 series of advanced generators: (CS1-12) for 12 different metals, CS1-2 for colloidal Silver and Gold only and CS1-1 for Silver only.  We also have multichannel CS2, CS4 and CS6 series for making 2, 4, or 6 simultaneous batches, each channel having the capability of making separate 5 litre batches. 
Multiple channels:   I am now recommending that customers not buy our multiple 4, 5 and 6 channel generators and instead to buy two or more CS2-12D  two channel models. This is our most popular model and the price is about the same.  In this way it is better to have redundancy in case of problems and the unlikely need to send a unit back to us for repair.  In this way you would have one or more backup two channel units.
BATCHES : All generators can make at least 7. 5 litres (2 gallons)  in each batch. The six channel generator can make 45 litres of 24 ppm CS water in 24 hours and 48 ppm in 48 hours.
Our CS1-12 can be programmed by the user using a front panel rotary selector switch to make colloids of 12 different metals each of which has unique benefits as Silver, Gold, Platinum, Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, Tin, Iron, Titanium. Call us to enquire about availability of other more exotic metal electrodes such as Rhodium, Iridium, Palladium, Chromium, Germanium, Boron or Selenium.
INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL GENERATORS: For industrial use and large volumes we offer two industrial generators 1 for 8 to 50 gallon volumes and 2  the ONLINE-1 for thousands of litres.

WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF YOUR GENERATORS ?
All of our generators have essential, advanced features to ensure a quality equivalent to or surpassing mesocolloids:
Motorized stirrer with small DC motor built into the generator.  This creates a vortex, well know to restructures and further energizes the water
Magnetic stirrer option adds an extra dimension of Magnetically Enhanced Ormus Water.
Alternating polarity (self-cleaning) uses automatic switching so that every 5 minutes, each electrode becomes the anode which liberates atoms and nanoparticles.  The cathode electrode does not release atoms but accumulates silver oxide which is burned off in the next cycle, when it becomes Anode.
HIGH  FREQUENCY PULSE MODULATION (carrier waves in the spectrum from 7.8 Hz up to 2 megahertz) vibrates the metal atoms at specific frequencies before they can agglomerate into larger clusters, thus ensuring the smallest nono-particles. Pulsed high frequency waveform is a valuable option by helping to ensure smallest particle size less than 10 nano-metres (100 Angstroms), as evidenced by independent analysis of our water.. Includes Rife, Schumann, 40 Hz, 432, and 528 Hz Love Frequency.
CONSTANT CURRENT CONTROL ensures that current is not too high, even with highly conductive water, which would cause larger current and particles over 10 nanometres. Automatic constant current control maintains current at the chosen optimal level regardless of changes in water electrical conductivity. Current control knob allows user to choose desired range of particle size.
QUALITY & NANOPARTICLE SIZE is directly dependent on Current Density at the electrodes surface (milliamperes per square inch of electrode).  Constant Current Control level is controllable by the user. Biophysica’s electronic nanometer size controller programs the maximum level of the current controller, which in turn determines nanometre size.
Large area, 99.99% pure solid electrode sheets, not wires or rods.
As a result, our CS water is the best quality with the smallest particle size based on independent lab reports.  See http://www.biophysica.com/analysis.htm.
Essential Facts on our generators:
Output of 12- 24 volts DC (48 volts for noble metals gold and platinum), high frequency pulse modulated.
Automatic constant current control which maintains current at the chosen optimal level regardless of changes in water electrical conductivity.  Current control knob allows user to choose desired range of particle size.
ESSENTIAL MINERALS:
It has been well established by nutritional scientists that the metallic elements Zinc, Copper, Iron, Tin, Calcium, Sodium, Silver, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Chromium, and Boron as well as other rarer elements like Selenium, Germanium, Vanadium, Platinum, Silver, and Gold, Titanium, Rhodium, and Iridium are essential for our well-being and maintenance of body systems. Like many other minerals, they have always been present in our food but in diminishing amounts in recent decades. For each element there is a minimal daily requirement. In the case of Silver, Selenium, Chromium, Iodine, and Molybdenum, this is around 100 micrograms (0.1 milligrams). For Zinc, and Germanium it is 100 milligrams. For Magnesium it is 350 mg (see "Brain Longevity" by Dr D.S. Khalsa). Without essential minerals, our ability to resist disease is seriously compromised.
MULTIPLE Essential Minerals: Silver along with gold, copper, zinc, magnesium, tin, iron are needed by the body in ultra-low level trace amounts of 0.3 mg (300 micrograms) per day. Other metals are more essential minerals such as zinc (30 mg/day), magnesium (60 mg/day), iron, sodium, potassium, calcium. Many of these are metals and are no longer in present in our soils and food and require to be added to our diet as mineral supplements.
WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NANOCRYSTALLINE SILVER ?
Over the last 20 years there are now hundreds of references supporting the wide range of uses of silver nanocrystals on bacteria such as e coli, MRSA, streptococci, salmonella, legionella and on viruses such as HIV-1, hepatitis, herpes, norovirus, flu. It is now used in bandages, catheters, clothing, socks, cosmetics, car wax, laundries, plastic tubing in beverage and dairy plants, hospital operating rooms, toys, food preservative, sewage treatment, drinking water, transplant organ preservation, fish farming, fish aquariums. Many references and links are at www.biophysica.com/colloidal_scientific_references.html
Research shows that silver is effective in concentrations of 0.01 to 0.04 ppm and even 20 parts per billion (0.02 ppm), especially when the water is exposed to the silver for long periods of time. The solution can be used as a concentrated (20-50 ppm) remedy taken in small doses or can be diluted into the drinking water supply at a concentration typically of 0.1 to 1 ppm. Dilution of colloidal waters is not recommended as it interferes with the Zeta Potential, which is a measure of the highest quality..
SELF-CLEANING ALTERNATING POLARITY every few minutes to clean electrodes of any deposit which might accumulate on the cathode electrode.   Alternating polarity uses automatic switching so that each electrode becomes the anode and cathode (ground) every few minutes. Self-Cleaning:  Alternating polarity uses automatic switching so that each electrode becomes the anode and cathode (ground) every few minutes, thus burning off any deposits on the cathode electrode.
HIGH FREQUENCY: PULSE MODULATION Pulse modulated chopped DC broad spectrum high frequency (including Schumann Resonance frequency, Love Frequency of 528 Hz as described by Dr Len Horowitz) and other frequencies favoured by Homeopathic doctors.  High frequency pulse modulation not only restructures the water, it adds extra energy to the emitted atoms to prevent mutual attraction or agglomeration and ensures smallest nanoparticle size.  This extra energy adds to the Zeta Potential of each particle thus increasing the longevity and effectiveness of the product.  Pulsed high frequency waveform is a valuable option by helping to ensure smallest particle size less than 10 nano-metres (100 Angstroms), as evidenced by independent analysis of our water.  As a result, our CS water is the best quality (smallest particle size) based on independent lab reports at http://www.biophysica.com/analysis.htm 
All of our CS models have constant current control, high frequency carrier waves and self-cleaning (Alternating polarity) and also motorised stirrer which creates a vortex which further energises the water. All of our products contain Radionic and Sacred Geometry protection circuitry against energies described by Emoto at www.masaru-emoto.net
SACRED GEOMETRY (Western or Asian option) imparts Chi and Ki energy.  All of our products contain Radionic and Sacred Geometry circuitry which protects against energies described by Emoto at www.masaru-emoto.net
MAGNETISED WATER: Water magnetization using inline Neodymium magnet helps restructure water to more assimilable form
Electrodes of solid  0.9999 (99.99%) pure precious metal. Large area electrodes each of 2” x 6”, 228 sq. cm will ensure the production of smallest most effective particles, since efficacy is inversely proportional to nanoparticle size.
Our colloidal water has proven independent lab certification as to quality (1 to 8 nanometre particle size) and activity against MRSA (methacillin resistant staphylococcus aureus).  1 nanometre is 1000 times smaller than 1 micron.  Particles of this small size will exhibit Quantum effects.
Electrodes
Q.  Are there some electrodes included in the device price at origin or not at all ?
A.  Electrodes are extra and cost depends on the size you choose. Best domestic size is 2” x 6” (5cm x 15cm) area. Commercial size is 6” x 8”, Industrial size is 2” x 18”
Q.  How many electrodes are recommended ?  And which size ?
A.  Two electrodes are always required. One is used as the Anode (positive), while the other is the Cathode (negative).  Larger area such as 2” x 6” , 6” x 8” , 8” x 8” are for best quality to provide smallest nanoparticle size of less than 10 nm.
Q.  Are there different kinds of use depending to the electrodes number ?
A.  More electrodes are used by practitioners who want to make more volume of colloidal water, more than 5 litres per day. These extra electrode pairs would be mounted on separate channels simultaneously, up to 6 channels in our 6 channel generator.
Q.  What is the advantage to have more electrodes ? 
A.  More volume and ability to make multiple different metals simultaneously in separate batch containers, of  10, 20, 50 gallons or swimming pool size  of silver, gold,  zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, platinum.
Q.  Is there recommended to change the electrodes after some years of use ?
A.  Electrodes will become smaller after 2 years due to release of atoms from the anode.
Q.  Should we have some electrodes spare ?
A.  At first this will not be necessary, as the electrodes last a long time.
Q.  What about after sale service in case of problems ?
A.  We will repair under warranty for five years. If you pay for the shipping cost to send it back to you.
Q.  Is your delivery insured ? 
Mailing is by Canadapost.ca and EMS.  Mailing is both insured and with tracking number from Toronto. For extra cost we can send by UPS, DHL or Fedex overnight.
WHICH  IS  YOUR  BEST GENERATOR?  Look at http://www.biophysica.com/colloidal_generator/domestic_online_store.php
For industrial use we make powerful in-line generators such as for swimming pools and cooling towers. For home and small commercial use, the CS6-12 is our most advanced and versatile professional generator for making large volumes up to 30 litres  at a time.  It comes with a digital current meter and 6 simultaneous, separate channels, each capable of electrolysing 12 different metals. It can have 6 motorized stirrer plates each with a 6 feet (2 metres) long cable, which plugs into the generator.  Alternating Polarity is available or can be switched OFF on each channel for making single metal colloidals, such as Colloidal Gold.  The digital meter indicates the precise amount of current in milliamperes flowing through the water at any instant.  During the charging process, current will rise because the water is becoming more electrically conductive as more metal atoms are released into the water. The meter and electrode light also serve the purpose of reassuring the user that the generator is working.
POPULAR MODELS OF OUR COLLOIDAL GENERATORS:  Here are our 6 most popular models.  All with built-in stirrer motor and need 24-48 v adapter at $50 and $80 US and 2 silver electrodes for $120 each.  If you might later want to do colloidal Gold, Copper, Zinc, Magnesium and 7 other minerals etc you would look at the -12 models.
 CSN1-1 (One channel, for Silver only)
CSN1-12 (One channel, for Silver, Gold and 10 other metals) It is a single channel model which can make Silver, Gold and 10 other metal waters, one at a time makes up to 5 litres in each batch.
CSN2-1 (Two channels, for Silver only) has output connector for the accessory external motorized stirrer plate which sits on a second container.
CSN2-12 (Two channels, each for Silver and Gold).
Model CSN2-12  (Two channels, for Silver, Gold and 10 other metals) CS2-12 is our most popular model using two channels simultaneously which allows you to charge two separate 4-5 litre containers simultaneously and can make 10 litres in each batch.  This model allows Colloidal Gold to be made over 7 days in one container up to 5 litres while at the same time making either colloidal silver, copper, zinc, tin, magnesium etc every 2 days in the other 5 litre container.
Our smallest colloidal generators:
The electrodes for this unit are smaller than average (no longer than 5”) so more time (4 days) are needed to make 20ppm in a 4 litre (1 gallon) container.
Our largest colloidal generators:
Models for Bulk Manufacturing of NANOWATER
For large quantities, the bulk industrial generator is preferred.  It allows for in-line pressurized production.
To increase output, as in bulk manufacturing for thousands of litres, or in-line continuous production, increase electrode areas by mounting multiple pairs of electrodes.  For inline manufacture we supply a 2” or 3” diameter in-line charging chamber for pairs of electrodes 2” wide and up to 14” in length.
We also supply rectangular canister box enclosures each of which can hold up to 12 electrodes.  If one canister is insufficient for your NANOWATER volume, quality and ppm requirements, any number of extra canisters can be added in cascade.  Electrodes are mounted as pairs on detachable quick-connect adapters.  You then have detachable, quick-connectors for each metal pair.  Electrodes can be of any metal.
BULK INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING OF COLLOIDAL SILVER :     Look at http://www.biophysica.com/colloidal_generator/colloidal_generators_industrial_commercial.php
There are two approaches to large volume production, such as for bottling plants, agriculture, fish farms, poultry farms swimming pools, fountains, cooling towers. I now have many customers using both.

  1. Commercial batch process uses one or more large open containers of up to 50 gallons each. Pairs of electrodes hang down into the water and are supported by an insulated bar. An immersible 12 volt pump in each container circulates water.
  2. Industrial in-line pressurized system using 3 inch diameter plumbing and a circulation pump similar to what is used for a swimming pool. Pairs of electrodes are mounted inside the plumbing and can be easily removed for cleaning and replacement.

Biophysica manufactures colloidal generating equipment for large quantities for aquariums, dolphin pools and bottling plants.  We specialize in Antimicrobial technologies which ensure that the drinking water has an extremely long-term residual antimicrobial potency far beyond other methods such as Ozone, Ultra violet light, Chlorine, Bromine, Hydrogen Peroxide all of which oxidizing techniques have undoubted benefits but are limited and short-term along with possible later toxic side effects such as Cancer, Immune Suppression, Asthma in children. 
For large volumes of 500 liters per day or more our bulk generator is used similar to the ionizers we sell for swimming pools. To produce high ppm with high quality it would be ideal to have a holding tank with recirculation pump, similar to a swimming pool.
We have designed an in-line cell chamber which will produce a greater volume. It has up to six simultaneous cylinders, each 3” diameter.  Each cylinder has a threaded screw-in replaceable plug which contains two large thick silver electrodes which can be of length 6”, 12” or 14”. To produce very large volumes we can supply a manifold which will hold several such electrode pairs thus further increasing the surface area. The largest manifold module would be the six channel.
This inline system can be used for a single pass water supply for a well, farm, home, factory, hospital or city. Alternatively a large holding tank could be used to store batches for later bottling. In such a closed-loop system without external water pressure, a recirculation pump would be needed. We supply a suitable 12 volt water recirculation pump which is electrically safer than using powerline voltages in a water based system and has the added advantage that any 12 volt power source, such as car battery, would work and is more easily controlled (such as using 9 volts instead of 12 volts) which allows the circulation flow to be diminished.
For drinking water we use a pair of pure silver electrodes.  For swimming pools and washing we use a pair of electrodes made of an alloy of copper (95%) and silver (5%) which is not ideal for drinking, although copper is a safe and essential mineral.
For large quantities, the bulk industrial generator is preferable and allows for in-line pressurized production. To increase output, as in bulk manufacturing for thousands of litres or in-line continuous production, one would want to increase area by mounting two or more larger electrodes in linear alignment with each other to form one electrode and another similar pair as the other electrode.  For large volumes of 500 liters per day or more you would need our bulk in-lne generator similar to what we sell for swimming pools.  To produce high ppm with high quality and quantity, it would be necessary to have a holding tank with recirculation pump, similar to a swimming pool.
Bulk Manufacturing:  To increase output, as in bulk manufacturing for thousands of litres or in-line continuous production, one would want to increase electrode area by mounting multiple pairs of electrodes. For inline manufacture we have been supplying a 2”, 3”, or 4” diameter in-line charging chamber for pairs of electrodes 2” wide and up to 14” in length. However we now prefer to supply a rectangular canister box enclosure each of which can hold up to 12 electrodes
If one canister is not sufficient for your volume, quality and ppm requirements, then any number of extra canisters can be added in cascade. The electrodes are mounted as pairs on a detachable quick-connect adapter and can be of any metal. You would then have a detachable quick-connect for each metal pair.
PORTABLE, EMERGENCY COLLOIDAL GENERATOR MODELS Our smallest colloidal generators
STERICARD   Look at http://www.biophysica.com/colloidal_generator/stericard.php
This is our smallest colloidal generator.  In fact, the Stericard is the smallest professional colloidal silver generator in the World.  This very light-weight business card sized model comes with a solid circuit board with a large sheet of pure silver on one side and a cathode of copper on the other side. The large silver electrode, which is 2.5” x 3”, makes STERICARD a simple and effective way of producing professional results in any location, such as a beach bar where you are wearing only swimming pants.
CS1-BLENDER
The CS1-blender is our next small unit suited for emergency and travel situations.  The Blender model is for making 600ml at one time of silver only. It is more suited for emergency and travel situations. It has a stirrer, alternating polarity, constant current, but does not have high frequency pulsation for the smallest particle size. The electrodes for this unit are smaller than average (no longer than 5”) so more time (4 days) are needed to make 20ppm in a 4 litre (1 gallon) container.  It is for making 600ml of any nanowater such as silver, magnesium, zinc, copper. It has a stirrer, alternating polarity, constant current for the smallest particle size, but does not have high frequency pulsation.  Electrodes for this unit are 5” long so it fits inside the 0.6 L container provided.  Also the blender has a 3.25" diameter which fits on top of a Mason jar, (but not jars of larger diameter, such as a biscuit/cookie jar, or fish bowl.)
The CS1 BLENDER also accepts larger electrodes such as our 2” x 6” sheets.  It comes with two small silver electrodes, stirrer motor and stirrer, and an external 24 volt international power supply. Cost is $548 plus $100 for electrodes.  It can be seen at  http://biophysica.com/content/colloidal-mineral-generators/portable-and-travel-colloidal-water-generators/
 INTRODUCTION TO COLLOIDAL SILVER 
Colloidal Silver (CS) is still made by many suppliers rapidly, in a few minutes, using a primitive method of over-driving silver electrodes.  This results in formation of ions and unnecessarily large nanoparticles (greater than 20-50 nanometres). 
However, Biophysica's generator produced generator produced is an advanced form of Colloidal Silver that resulted from over 20  years of research.  COLLOIDAL SILVER is made from pure, chlorine-free water, electrically charged (Zeta Potential) so as to alter the structure of the molecules of the water.  We use large solid sheet electrodes of silver and gold, and pass very weak electrical signals and high frequencies slowly through the water over a 24-48 hours charging period.
Produced to the highest quality, our Biophysica COLLOIDAL SILVER  (BCS) cannot be compared to crude Colloidal Silver as sold world-wide.   BCS COLLOIDAL SILVER typically contains only trace concentrations of up to 50 ppm of Silver (or .05 parts per thousand).  To illustrate how little this is, commercial water labeled as "Sodium-Free" actually has 10 ppm of Sodium.
Elemental atomic silver does not accumulate in the body as it is all too rapidly excreted by the action of the liver and spleen. 
Taken orally, properly prepared mono-atomic silver in the form of COLLOIDAL SILVER could regain its rightful place as the safest, most effective contribution to humanity.
Firstly, a clear distinction must be made between 1. metal atoms and nanoparticles which are safe, and 2. metal ions and salts which can be toxic in high doses.  Atomic electrically charged, non-ionized silver is a both a chemically-inert catalyst, and an anti-oxidant.  It is non-toxic, except to one cell animals and plants.  Even bees are safe and can be protected by CS from the picorna virus which attacks them.
Silver in the metallic, atomic or colloidal form is a metabolic catalyst.  Therefore it remains unchanged by passage through the body.  It is non addictive.
Inside the body, silver atoms form no toxic compounds and cannot react with the stomach's Hydrochloric Acid, or anything else other than a microbe's oxygen-metabolizing enzyme.  Providing the atoms are small enough they penetrate the microbe, and also a virus or prion. 
DOES COLLOIDAL SILVER KILL MY GOOD BACTERIA?
 There have been no reports of digestive side-effects.  Some practitioners use COLLOIDAL SILVER in colonic irrigation for lower bowel problems.
NANOSILVER WATER is rapidly absorbed through the mouth if you let it linger there. Then it is absorbed by the stomach and small intestine. Very little arrives in the large intestine or colon. There have been no reports of digestive side-effects, however you could take acidophyllus, or yogurt. Some practitioners use NANOSILVER WATER in colonic irrigation for lower bowel problems.
Don’t swallow Colloidal Silver like a juice.  Hold it in the mouth for one minute before swallowing.  Because COLLOIDAL SILVER is rapidly absorbed by the tongue, stomach and small intestine COLLOIDAL SILVER has minimal effects on benign bacteria which reside in the colon.
COLLOIDAL SILVER is rapidly absorbed if you let it linger in the mouth for a minute.  Then it is absorbed by the stomach and small intestine. Very little arrives in the large intestine or colon where good bacteria reside.  If you have concerns however, you could take acidophilus, miso, or yogurt. 
HOW SAFE IS COLLOIDAL SILVER ?
Firstly, a clear distinction must be made between metal atoms which are safe and metal ions which can be toxic in high doses. Silver and Gold, in the metallic, atomic or colloidal form are metabolic catalysts, are not changed by passage through the body, are non-toxic, except to one cell plants and animals, and are non addicting. Atomic electrically charged, non-ionized Silver is a chemically inert catalyst and anti-oxidant. Inside the body, silver atoms form no toxic compounds cannot react with the stomach's Hydrochloric Acid, nor react with anything other than a microbe's oxygen-metabolizing enzyme, providing the atoms are small enough to penetrate the microbe, virus or prion. There have been no reports of adverse effects from the use of properly prepared NANOSILVER WATER . Elemental atomic silver is excreted all too rapidly by the kidneys and does not accumulate in the body. Argyria (blue skin) has never been reported with silver in the pure metallic or colloidal form, but only when in ionic form combined with protein or an anion such as nitrate. NANOSILVER WATER has minimal effects on benign bacteria of the colon because NANOSILVER WATER is rapidly absorbed into the small intestine.
There have been no reports of adverse effects from the use of properly prepared COLLOIDAL SILVER. "Silver is not toxic to humans and is not known to cause cancer, reproductive or neurological damage, or other chronic adverse effects". at http://www.dartmouth.edu/~toxmetal/metals/questions/silver.html
It has been established by EPA (CASRN 7440-22-4) that it is safe to ingest a daily quantity of 350 mcg (micrograms) This is the amount that is contained in one ounce (30 ml) or in six teaspoonfuls of 10 ppm colloidal silver. 10 ppm is generally produced by 10 hours of charging pure water. 25 ppm is generally produced by 25 hours of charging pure water. 3 teaspoonfuls of 25 ppm contains 375 mcg. It is recommended here not to exceed these doses for oral ingestion. Legally available colloidal mineral waters (of doubtful quality) are available in most pharmacies and are not sold by us. PPM can be determined by using a conductivity meter which we sell.
We are using silver in its inert non-ionic nano-molecular form where each cluster of atoms carries an electrical charge called Zeta Potential which inactivates the organisms. This not the electrolytic, ionic or salt form (such as silver nitrate, silver chloride or oxide).  Each atomic cluster acts as a catalyst, does not interact with the body chemistry, is not retained in the body and is excreted all too rapidly from the kidney and can cross the blood-brain barrier, if less than 10 nanometeres.
Many enlightened health practitioners recommend and ourselves have been taking Colloidal Silver Solution daily for 15 years as a preventive against flu and other viruses which cause cancer, Alzheimer”s, MS, Parkinsons and maybe diabetes. Colloidal silver, colloidal gold, etc are so well accepted now that most health stores in North America are already selling colloidal solutions to the general public.

"Colloidal Silver Has Mainstream Medicine Singing the Blues" Jan 16, 2008 by Tony M. Isaacs at American Chronicle
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines for ‘drinking water quality indicate no adequate data with which to derive a health-based value for silver in drinking water. These guidelines state that, “where silver salts such as silver nitrate are used to maintain the bacteriological quality of drinking-water, levels of ionized silver up to 0.1 mg/liter (0.1 parts per million) can be tolerated without risk to health.”
Silver is regulated by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations. The above standards are based on silver nitrate which is the most oxidizing corrosive form of silver rather than our nanocrystals which are antioxidant and have not been shown to be toxic at any level.
Argyria (blue skin) has never been reported with silver in the pure metallic or colloidal form, but only when in ionic form, combined with protein or an anion such as nitrate.  
There is a great deal of safety information available on the use of silver both internally and externally. Most available test work on silver is provided through the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  Unlike other heavy metals, silver is not known to have human carcinogenic potential and is not a mutagen (EPA Reregistration Eligibility Document (RED) document, page 3, 3rd paragraph).
"Silver is not toxic to humans and is not known to cause cancer, reproductive or neurological damage, or other chronic adverse effects". at http://www.dartmouth.edu/~toxmetal/metals/questions/silver.html
"Colloidal Silver Has Mainstream Medicine Singing the Blues" Jan 16, 2008 by Tony M. Isaacs at American Chronicle
DAILY DOSE: HOW MUCH SHOULD I TAKE?
Dose: For daily prevention, users should take a tablespoonful of 10 ppm and hold it their mouth for a full minute to allow intraoral (sublingual) absorption rapidly and effectively into the bloodstream. I personally have taken a tablespoonful of 40 ppm almost daily for the last 15 years with no adverse effects.
1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons = 1/2 ounce =15 cc. Health stores sell 5 to 10 ppm because their low-tech generators cannot produce a stable product with higher concentration and high Zeta Potential. Biophysica generators are able to make higher ppm for surface cleaning and disinfecting and still be clear and stable. 
The EPA established an oral Reference Dose (RfD), or daily intake limit, of 0.005 mg/kg/day according to the EPA Reregistration Eligibility Document (RED), issued in August of 1993.  For a 70 kg person this is 350 micrograms of silver.  1 part per million (ppm) is equivalent to 1 microgram per milliliter.  Therefore an ounce of 10 ppm Colloidal Silver contains 300 micrograms.
Because of its submicroscopic atomic size, COLLOIDAL SILVER is rapidly absorbed and excreted within hours. THE USUAL PROBLEM IS NOT TAKING ENOUGH to achieve and maintain full 5 ppm concentration in the body fluids.
Zane Baranowski, in his excellent booklet "Colloidal Silver" (page 12,) describes in detail what the optimal daily intake of silver for a healthy person would be.  It is around 300 micrograms, which he states corresponds to two ounces or tablepoonfuls (60 ml) of 5ppm (5 mg/ml) COLLOIDAL SILVER.
The recommendation of Biophysica and many health practitioners has been to take Colloidal Silver Solution daily for 15 years as a preventive against flu and other viruses.   For daily prevention and nutrition, take a tablespoonful of 10 ppm and hold it your mouth for a full minute to allow intraoral (sublingual) absorption rapidly and effectively into the bloodstream.  I have personally taken a tablespoonful of 50 ppm almost daily for the last 15 years with no adverse effects. 
It has been established by EPA (CASRN 7440-22-4) that it is safe to ingest a daily quantity of 350 mcg (micrograms) This is the amount that is contained in one ounce (30 ml) or in six teaspoonfuls of 10 ppm colloidal silver. 10 ppm is generally produced by 10 hours of charging pure water. 25 ppm is generally produced by 25 hours of charging pure water. 3 teaspoonfuls of 25 ppm contains 375 mcg. It is recommended here not to exceed these doses. Legally available colloidal mineral waters are available in most pharmacies and are not sold by us. PPM can be determined by using a conductivity meter which we sell.
Research shows that silver is effective in concentrations of 0.01 to 0.04 ppm (10 to 40 parts per billion), especially when the water is exposed to the silver for long periods of time.  The solution can be used as a remedy at 5 ppm or concentrate at 20-50 ppm, taken in small doses or can be diluted into the drinking water supply at a concentration typically of 0.1 to 1 ppm.
Health stores sell 5 to 10 ppm because their low-tech generators cannot produce a stable product with higher concentration and high Zeta Potential.
10 ppm is generally produced by 10 hours of charging pure water. 25 ppm is generally produced by 25 hours of charging pure water. 3 teaspoonfuls of 25 ppm contains 375 mcg. We recommend not exceeding these doses for oral ingestion.
Biophysica generators are able to make higher ppm COLLOIDAL SILVER that is still clear and stable. Higher concentrations should be restricted to the disinfecting and cleaning of surfaces.
1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons = 1/2 ounce =15 cc.  
Animals or plants and COLLOIDAL SILVER
Reports indicate that animals respond to COLLOIDAL SILVER in even more impressive ways than humans. Fish farms particularly, could benefit from the regenerative, and anti-microbial benefits of silver. 
Plants in general need silver.  Fresh cut flowers in particular show such impressive preservation that Biophysica has written a book exclusively on this topic.  Instead of staying fresh only for 5 days, with COLLOIDAL SILVER and other mineral ingredients in our mixture called Electromin-6, cut flowers like roses, carnations, orchids, etc. stay fresh for up to 15 days.
CLEARING SILVER  FROM THE BODY
According to the EPA Research and Development report entitled "DRINKING WATER CRITERIA DOCUMENT FOR SILVER" dated January of 1991, on page III-17, paragraph states, “Several studies support the observation that silver is carried in the blood mainly by the globulins and is quickly cleared by the liver, and to a lesser extent by the spleen (Scott and Hamilton, 1950; Furchner et al.)”. “Radioactive 110AG, as silver iodide, was cleared from the blood of a dog and from the blood of rats, in 24 hours (Anghileri, 1969).
Silver in its inert non-ionic atomic form carries an electrical charge called Zeta Potential in each cluster of atoms.  This charge
inactivates the organisms. Each atomic cluster acts as a catalyst.
What evidence is there of COLLOIDAL SILVER’s effectiveness?
Silver has no toxicity, no cumulative side effects, nor does it give rise to resistant strains, unlike some antibiotics, when used in its elemental, atomic (non-ionic) form.
Over the last 20 years there have been hundreds of references supporting the wide range of uses of silver on
bacteria: such as e coli, MRSA, streptococci, salmonella, legionella.
 viruses such as HIV-1, hepatitis, herpes, norovirus, flu.
even minute traces of metallic silver in atomic form are reported to have the unique property of unactivating several strains of bacteria, certain viruses, moulds, fungi, protozoa parasites and possibly prions (infective protein causing brain damage).
Research shows that silver is effective in concentrations of 0.01 to 0.04 ppm, and even 20 parts per billion (0.02 ppm).  This is especially true when water is exposed to the silver for long periods of time.  The solution can be used as a concentrated (20-50 ppm) remedy, taken in small doses, or it can be diluted in the drinking water supply at concentrations typically of 0.1 to 1 ppm.
USES  OF COLLOIDAL SILVER
COLLOIDAL SILVER seems to have an exceptional range of effectiveness.  For example,
In bandages, catheters, hospital operating rooms, transplant organ preservation, clothing, cosmetics, car wax, laundry products, plastic tubing in beverage and dairy plants, toys, food preservative, sewage treatment, drinking water, fish farming, and fish aquariums.  Many references and links can be found at www.biophysica.com/colloidal_scientific_references.html
In situations of morbidity it has been used either alone or in combination with other remedies.
During times of natural disaster and in tropical countries, it provides an ideal, inexpensive water sterilization and disease prevention regime. 
In farming, veterinary medicine and fish hatcheries, all animals should have a regular supplement of COLLOIDAL SILVER.  In agriculture, horticulture, and growing sprouts, COLLOIDAL SILVER is useful in slowing down plant wilting, or protecting against parasites.  It prolongs the freshness of cut flowers by a factor of three times.
AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS:
Colloidal minerals are as essential to plants as to humans and animals. Plants thrive dramatically when they absorb colloidal silver and the other minerals in colloidal form.  Not only does NANOWATER inactivate plant viruses, it stimulates growth.
Plants should be sprayed with a cocktail of colloidal minerals and the soil should be soaked.  Wells which supply drinking water near a farm should be continually disinfected with colloidal silver, using a recirculation pump connected to an industrial grade NANOWATER generator.
Viruses including Herpes , HPV, and COLLOIDAL SILVER
The literature and decades of experience indicate that mono-atomic silver could be highly effective against many strains of virus.  AIDS, Cancers, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Multiple Sclerosis and even Diabetes are thought to be associated by some kind of virus.
Antibiotics kill off only a few strains of bacteria.  None are effective against viruses, yeasts, moulds or fungi.
Whereas many drugs on the market suppress certain symptoms of a cold, mono-atomic silver is thought to deactivate the virus that causes it.  The following study shows Silver Nanoparticles attach to and deactivate HIV-1 virus.  See article at  http://www.physorg.com/news7264.html
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) exists in two forms: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Either virus can infect the mouth or genitals but HSV –1 most commonly causes cold sores around the mouth and HSV –2 causes genital herpes.
The Centre for Disease Control reports that the incidence of herpes has risen in the last ten years, from 16% to 21%. This means that one in five people are infected.   Four out of five have HSV –1 and one in five has HSV –2.  Many don’t know they are infected because they are not in an active phase with blisters or sores.
Most of the time HSV is inactive, staying in a nerve root at the base of the spine where it does no harm. In the active phase however, it travels along the nerve to the skin where it causes irritation, bumps, blisters or sores which shed virus into the environment and other people.  A major precipitating factor for an outbreak is depression accompanied by stress.  Link to our Herpes page
Like many other viruses, the herpes virus has the ability to conceal itself inside the body’s cells and to take over the cell’s ability to replicate itself. The cell then replicates new virus. Acyclovir and silver act at the cellular level to prevent the herpes virus from replicating, and don’t actually kill the herpes virus. As such they are not a "cure" but do provide considerable help in managing aspects of the disease, such as passing it on, and relief from symptoms. A useful gel with aloe vera and containing COLLOIDAL SILVER is available from Biophysica.
A related virus is the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) responsible for the highly infectious genital and peri-anal warts and is associated with cancer of the cervix. It is the most common virally transmitted sexual disease causing warts in 1.4 million people and sub-clinically infecting an estimated 100 million people. (World Congress of Dermatology, Sydney Australia, October, 1997, & Koutsky L.A., Amer. J. Med. 1997; 102, 4B).
HERPES:  What about Herpes? Link to our Herpes page
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) exists in two forms: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Either virus can infect the mouth or genitals but HSV –1 most commonly causes cold sores around the mouth and HSV –2 causes genital herpes. To realize how common they are; four out of five adults have HSV –1 and one in five has HSV –2. Many don’t know it because they do not have an active phase with blisters or sores. Most of the time HSV is inactive staying in a nerve root at the base of the spine where it does no harm. In the active phase, it travels along the nerve to the skin where it causes irritation, bumps, blisters or sores which then shed virus out to the environment and other people. A major precipitating factors for an outbreak is depression accompanied by stress. The Centre for Disease Control reports that the incidence of Herpes has risen in the last ten years from 16% to 21%. This means that one in five are infected.
Like many other viruses, the herpes virus has the ability to conceal itself inside the body’s cells and to take over the cell’s ability to replicate itself. The cell then replicates new virus. Acyclovir and silver act at the cellular level prevent it from replicating and don’t actually kill the herpes virus. As such they are not a "cure" but do provide considerable help in managing aspects of the disease such as passing it on and relief from symptoms. A useful aloe vera gel containing NANOSILVER WATER is available from Biophysica.
A related virus is the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) which is responsible for the highly infectious genital and peri-anal warts and associated with cancer of the cervix. It is the most common virally transmitted sexual disease causing warts in 1.4 million and sub-clinically infecting an estimated 100 million people. (World Congress of Dermatology, Sydney Australia, October, 1997, & Koutsky L.A., Amer. J. Med. 1997; 102, 4B).
What are the benefits against AIDS and other pathogens?
AIDS, Cancers, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, MS and even Diabetes are thought to be associated by some kind of virus. The literature indicates that nano-atomic silver could be highly effective against many strains of virus. Where many drugs on the market suppress certain symptoms of a cold, nano-atomic silver is thought to inactivate the virus that causes it to linger. AIDS, like all other viral infections, is largely unaffected by antibiotics, which each kill off only a few strains of bacteria and none are effective against viruses, yeasts, moulds or fungi. The following study shows Silver Nanoparticles Attach to and inactivate HIV-1 virus" at http://www.physorg.com/news7264.html

GENITO-URINARY PROBLEMS AND COLLOIDAL SILVER
Two of the most distressing chronic conditions are chronic cystitis and vaginitis. Both are very common. There are well over 100,000 cases of diagnosed interstitial cystitis in the US and perhaps five times this number undiagnosed. Some patients wait 8-10 years before seeking help. Cystitis sufferers spend an estimated $200 million dollars for medical care because the consequences on their lives are so serious, including four times greater incidence of suicidal thoughts. Although the cause is not completely known, it is likely that microbial infection and biofilm formation play a major part.
In the case of vaginitis, there is commonly a mixed infection of at least three organisms Trichomonas (a protozoan), Gardnerella (a bacterium), and Candida (a yeast). Other possible organisms are Chlamydia, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Many more exist but these are the commonest. Some sufferers have found that a combination of colloidal copper, colloidal zinc and colloidal silver to be very helpful. Copper is well known to inactivate multicellular organisms.
Some sufferers find a combination of colloidal copper, colloidal zinc and colloidal silver to be very helpful. Copper is well known to inactivate multi-cellular organisms.
Cancer and COLLOIDAL SILVER    Link to our Cancer page
Dr Robert Becker, on page 175 of his book "The Body Electric", reports the benefits of electrically active silver on cultures of malignant fibrosarcoma cells, the growth of which was apparently stopped. 
Dr Bjorn Nordenstrom  (Karolinska Institute) also noticed that cancer cells changed back to normal in the presence of silver atoms.
Intravenous Colloidal Silver
Some clinics inject IV Colloidal Silver.  “Cellulitis Of The Scalp Treated By Intravenous Colloidal Silver” by R. S. Weir, The British Medical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 3446 (Jan. 22, 1927), p. 139 URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25322281
MAKING YOUR OWN COLLOIDAL SILVER
Good quality Colloidal Silver mineral water is easy to make at home using distilled or Reverse Osmosis water and our properly designed colloidal generator.  It is totally safe for all living creatures except small marine organisms. The silver mono-atomic particles are so small (less than 10 nanometres) that they penetrate easily into the smallest microbes, viruses, perhaps prions, mitochondria, microtubules and undoubtedly across the blood-brain barrier.
They do not accumulate in the body, and are excreted all too quickly.  No silver salts or ions should be present to cause Argyria.  Only nano-clusters of metallic silver atoms should be present which cannot interact with the Hydrochloric Acid of the stomach. Nonoparticles pass on to the bloodstream unchanged to carry out their catalytic function and are later excreted.  A nanoparticle is a charged nanocluster of atoms and is not an ion which is a single charged monoatomic atom.
Quantity producable by one pair of electrodes
Treated volume is based on the amount of metal atoms in a pair of electrodes diluted to the typical antimicrobial effective level of 0.1 to 1.0 ppm.  For example a pair of our 2 x 6 inch electrodes are 6" x 2" x 0.5 mm  have a total consumable electrode weight of approximately  85 gms of which about 80gms is usable.  This would charge a total of 80,000 litres with 1 ppm (1 mg/l) or 8000 litres with 10 ppm (10 mg/l).
Commercial: One pair of our 6 x 8 commercial electrodes would produce 4 times = 32000 litres at 10 ppm
Industrial electrode bars:  5ppm means 5 milligrams per litre My silver bars currently in stock measure 14” x 2” x 3/32” and weighs 394 grams. Much larger bars 18’ x 2” x ¼” are available on special order
Two such electrodes weigh 788 gms = 788000 milligrams which would produce 157600 litres of 5 ppm = 41638 gallons
1 US gallon = 3.785 litres
 WATER QUALITY, CHOICE & RESTRUCTURING
Q. What kind of water do you recommend ? I have been given contradictory information. Some people tell to use distilled water, the others Reverse Osmosis, some deionized, pure water to 0 PPM. Do you have any device to make pure water 0 PPM?
Reverse osmosis water is a gentler purification process and gives the best results   Reverse Osmosis (RO) water is produced by a more gentle process through a membrane and is devoid of minerals including Fluorides. We now use RO water for our own electrolysis processes.  In replacing the missing essential minerals, use or make your own colloidal minerals rather than artificial chemical molecules.  
Distilled water is too pure and non-conductive, has too much dissolved oxygen.  Ultrapure water is not necessary unless you are injecting it intravenously. Some degree of electrical conductivity, up to 12 microSiemens, is helpful to get the process started.
Distilled water (DW) is considered to be acidic, immature and aggressive (Schauberger) and leaches out essential minerals from the body and brings over volatile chemicals.  DW should not be ingested as a drink.   Most commercially available DW contains Ozone which forms a yellow colour of silver oxide. We tried to use our own home DW with poor results, but lately getting good results with local grocery DW.
HARD WATER:  We found that hard water has minerals that form a tenacious deposit on the electrodes, very difficult to remove.
 BENEFITS OF A MAGNETIC VORTEX?
A.  Magnets raise the vibrational energy, erase the old unhealthy memories in the water and open the molecules to be imprinted by the new healing information carried by the electric current from the sacred geometry and affirmations etched on all of our printed circuit boards. Ref P&E 142, 146
NUTRITIONAL SILVER
It has been well established by nutritional scientists that the metallic elements are essential for our well-being and maintenance of body systems: Zinc, Copper, Iron, Tin, Calcium, Sodium, Silver, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Chromium, and Boron, as well as other rarer elements like Selenium, Germanium, Vanadium, Platinum, Silver, and Gold, Titanium, Rhodium, and Iridium. Without essential minerals, our ability to resist disease is seriously compromised.
 Like many other minerals, they have always been present in our food, but in diminishing amounts over recent decades.
For each element there is a minimal daily requirement. In the case of Silver, Selenium, Chromium, Iodine, and Molybdenum, this is around 100 micrograms (0.1 milligrams). For Zinc, and Germanium it is 100 milligrams. For Magnesium it is 350 mg (see "Brain Longevity" by Dr D.S. Khalsa).
ESSENTIAL MINERALS:
Silver along with gold, copper, zinc, magnesium, tin, and iron are needed by the body in ultra-low level trace amounts of 0.3 mg (300 micrograms) per day.  Other metals are more essential - such as zinc (30 mg/day), magnesium (600 mg/day), iron, sodium, potassium, calcium.  Many of these metals are no longer present in our soils and food.  They must be added to our diet as mineral supplements.
HISTORICAL USES OF SILVER  
Silver has been used by mankind for thousands of years.  Back to ancient Greek and Egyptian times silver was used to protect against smallpox, plague, syphilis, mumps, measles, polio, typhoid, typhus, coliform, etc.  The aristocracy of Europe used silver utensils and kept their wine in silver goblets.  The wine fermented into vinegar forming ionic silver acetate which they would drink.   Absorption of ionized silver (ions, not nanoparticles,) caused a blue skin discoloration which is why they were called the "Blue Bloods".  
Before the advent of antibiotics in the 1940’s silver nitrate solutions were widely used for babies’ eyes, infected wounds and infectious diseases. Silver is now being recognized again as a useful broad spectrum antibiotic which can be taken orally or topically for humans and all animals.
BENEFIT OF SILVER ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM?
 Dr. Robert O. Becker, MD, noted bio-medical researcher from Syracuse University, and author of "The Body Electric" and "Cross Currents", has recognized a correlation between low silver levels and sickness. He said silver deficiency is responsible for the improper functioning of the immune system.
According to Dr. Becker and Dr Gary Smith, silver is an essential mineral for proper functioning of the immune system and for the repair of injured tissue.  The normal level of silver in the body is .001%.  Analyses of individuals with severe immune deficiency often indicate a lower than normal level of silver. 
To counteract immuno-deficiency, colloidal silver literature recommends a daily maintenance nutritional dose of at least 100 micrograms of silver.
IMMUNE SYSTEM DECLINE
The immune system is a central computer whose function is to maintain good health. It defends the body from poisons and outside invaders.  It is also responsible for cleansing the body of toxins, and the creation and feeding of new cells.
When we are young, we can fight off minor infections.  When we reach the age of 18 to 21, the immune system is functioning at peak efficiency.   As we grow older our immune system functions decline at an average of 1% per year, and eventually trivial infections such as colds can turn into life threatening events.
A good immune system should be able to withstand common ailments such as a cold, flu, or candidiasis, or herpes. A strong and vital human immune system were strong and vital can deter even the more serious illnesses of cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome and AIDS.
The modern immune system is overtaxed daily with the constant bombardment of chemical pollutants in the air, water and even our food. Over the last century, human (and animal) immune systems have been getting weaker.  This is likely due to both global pollution and lack of essential minerals in the soils. 
Destructive, illness-causing microbes have been getting stronger due to the overuse of prescribed antibiotics.  An antibiotic may kill most of the harmful bacteria. However, some of the bacteria survive to breed stronger cells which then become resistant to the antibiotic. There are now strains of super-microbes that cannot be killed by any known prescribed antibiotic.
Before 1940, most of our food was grown using organic, natural fertilizer. The soil and natural fertilizer contained many trace chemicals necessary for the human body to be supported by its natural defense system.  Today, fertilizers are synthetic, chemical versions which have none of the trace elements found in organic fertilizer. If we eat plants grown with chemical fertilizers without living organisms in the soil to help provide nutrition to the plant, we do not get the quality of vitamins and minerals that are available in organically grown foods. Thus, deficiencies develop. 
An essential element which has been disappearing from our food supply is silver. As the tissues age, or if we cannot assimilate silver for some reason, we develop a silver deficiency and an impaired immune system that could possibly lead to cancer and other diseases.
Can NANOSILVER WATER help animals and plants?
Reports indicate that animals respond to NANOSILVER WATER even more impressively than humans. Fish farms particularly, could benefit from the regenerating and anti-microbial benefits of silver. Plants in general need silver. Fresh cut flowers in particular show such impressive preservation that Biophysica has written a book exclusively on this topic. Instead of lasting fresh only for 5 days, cut flowers like roses, carnations, orchids etc last up to 15 days with NANOSILVER WATER and other mineral ingredients in our mixture called Electromin-6.
WHAT ARE PRIONS?     Link to our Prion page
Prions are extremely small proteinaceous infectious particles which resist inactivation by the usual methods which modify nucleic acids. They are protein molecules with no nucleic acid core and are responsible for the spongiform encephalopathies which cause extensive brain damage, such as Mad Cow Disease.  At least one person in 10,000 is infected and many more remain undiagnosed, especially in UK.  Symptoms are: dementia, insomnia, paralysis and wasting.
COLLOIDAL  GOLD :
What are the benefits of Colloidal Gold?   Look at http://www.biophysica.com/colloidal_generator/colloidal_Gold.php
While Colloidal Gold does not have the same germicidal/anti-bacterial action of Colloidal Silver, Colloidal gold is thought to have powers as an anti-inflammatory and  has been reported to be a glandular activator with life extension, raised brain function and I.Q.  and Pineal enhancing (Third Eye) possibilities, (see Frontier Perspectives Journal, Vol 7, No 2, Fall 1998).   In former times crushed gold particles was used to quell the cravings for alcohol, and was used as a remedy for digestive disorders, circulatory problems, depression, obesity, and burns. Gold is a catalyst for endorphin-like hormones as well as the antioxidant enzyme SuperOxideDesmutase. Colloidal Gold in elemental metal form is tasteless and non-toxic.   In Homeopathy and traditional Alchemy, a mixture of Silver and Gold was called Electrum.
MAKING COLLOIDAL GOLD
As with any colloidal water, we start with pure non-ozonized distilled or Reverse Osmosis water.  CG needs a higher electrical current and voltage than Silver, Copper, Zinc, Magnesium.  This why we provide a 48 volt power supply (not 24 volts).  At the same time, the water has to be seeded with something to make the water more electrically conductive, such as using Colloidal Silver water, or some Ascorbic Acid crystals in the water to raise the current level. Do not use salt which contains chloride.
You must first make the water more electrically conductive in order to get higher electrical current between the electrodes. This is best done by making colloidal silver, then using a silver electrodes as the cathode (negative), use the gold as the anode (positive).  Then charge the water for at least another week.  The colour is clear because nano-particles are less than 10 nanometres diameter.  Colour, such as red, would indicate larger, ineffective particles around 600 nm.
The 2 gold electrodes and power supply are extra, price depending on the size of gold electrodes you would like.
Ideally 2 similar electrodes such as 1”x 1” or larger give a better result.  I use 2 inch x 6 inch (5 cm x 15 cm).
Gold atoms come off the electrodes very slowly, need a full week after making colloidal silver water and need special programming  built into the generator when you switch to the Gold level.  One litre is a good quantity for gold whereas 4-5 litres is good for silver, copper, zinc, magnesium which are complete at 48 ppm within 48 hours.
There is no way of accurately measuring the amount of gold or silver present in the water except by sending it to a special analytic laboratory. Gold and silver combine well synergistically together and historically were valued by the ancient alchemists as a special remedy called "Electrum” with synergistic metaphysical properties ".  
When making colloidal gold regularly, it would make sense to buy the two channel model CSN2-12 which would allow gold to be made over 7 days in one batch while silver or other minerals can be made daily in the other batch.
WHAT PPM OF GOLD CAN I EXPECT?
Gold is a noble metal because it does not naturally corrode or tarnish. Gold atoms are released from the Anode electrode only when the electrical current is at a high level and when the water is already made conductive (seeding) by Silver or other ions and atoms such as Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid).
In making Colloidal Gold you have to start with some conductivity in the water (called "seeding") for substantial electrical current to flow and this is best done by adding some Colloidal silver water to your new batch of R.O. water. A better choice would be to simply make CS first then change the electrode on the red outlet (Anode, Positive Polarity) turn the Alternating option OFF so that only Gold is being released from the red electrode. Since Gold atoms do not easily come off the electrode, the ppm is lower and the electrode will last for years. After 2 days, Gold will be only about 0.5-1 ppm because gold does not come off easily from the electrodes. A longer charging time of 1 to 2 weeks is needed.  Even with Gold, the electrodes should not be overdriven by excessive current.
ELECTRUM: Colloidal Silver and Gold make an ideal combination which the ancient alchemists called "Electrum" with synergistic metaphysical properties superior to either alone.
PPM:  With gold, there is little change in water conductivity, especially with small area electrode and large volume of water. Gold atoms come off very slowly from the electrode, especially when we want smallest nanoparticle size.  Fortunately gold is very effective on the brain in Homeopathic concentrations and small doses, such as 10 drops under the tongue.
ARE TWO GOLD ELECTRODES REQUIRED ?
 In order to reduce your costs, we have designed the CS1-12 so that two expensive gold electrodes are not necessary, although theoretically  two should ideally be used. When making Gold or other highly noble and expensive metals, like Platinum, Palladium the CSN1-12 is designed so that you need only one of these electrodes rather than incurring the cost of two. This is because due the physics of Electrolysis and Electron flow, only one electrode (Anode) releases atoms at any instant. This electrode is the positive electrode (Anode) while the other electrode acts only as a ground (Cathode) and does not release atoms into the water, and in fact receives atoms and gets coated with oxides.
 In order to make Colloidal Gold with one gold electrode, you would switch the Alternating option OFF, so that the Gold electrode remains the Anode all during the charging process, and a silver or any other electrode is used as the Cathode. For making Silver, Zinc, Copper with 2 similar electrodes, you should turn ON the Alternating option so that each electrode is Anode for a few minutes, then the other electrode becomes Anode for a few minutes, then they automatically switch again repetitively. This prevents build-up of silver, zinc and copper oxides on the surface of the electrodes and has a self-cleaning action.  If you buy a single gold electrode, you can use a silver electrode as the cathode to balance it in the unipolar non-alternating mode. The results are quite good but less perfect than using two same electrodes
 Gold needs the full power of the 48 volt power supply, which the lower metals do not.  With regard to the noble metals Gold, Platinum and Titanium, these atoms are more difficult to remove from the electrode and require more time, more electrical current, higher voltage and require a bio-compatible seeding catalytic agent to produce the desired results.  For a description of ORMUS as a seeding agent,  look at http://www.subtleenergies.com/ormus/whatisit.htm
Remember that while making Colloidal Gold the single channel generator would not be available for at least one week for making other solutions. This why many customers choose to buy a model with two or more channels such as CS2-12, CS4-12, CS6-12 which is effectively several generators in one.
WHAT IS THE BEST COLLOIDAL GOLD?
In order to produce the best mono-atomic CS and Coll Gold, we are continually improving our technology based on our ongoing research programme. We have now doubled the voltage for making CG to 48 volts. This will allow for more gold atoms to be removed from the electrode. Gold does not come off easily, even with very high voltages and spark gaps used by other manufacturers. We want nanometre sized particles rather than large particles over 200 nanometres which are less biologically effective even though it may give beautiful pink colours. Our Silver, Gold, Zinc, Copper etc particles are all less than 10 nanometres, they are invisible and do not give a Tyndall test response, since they are smaller than the wavelength of light. Excessive electrical current using wire and rod electrodes and high voltages gives excessively large particles. Recent lab tests indicate that using our pulse option for 48 hours makes the smallest particles of Gold, with concentration of 0.5 ppm. Higher ppm could be obtained with longer time, and by raising current but at the cost of larger particles.  Quality is more important than quantity.
GOLD:   Gold and platinum atoms do not come off easily from the electrode which will last for many years.
Processing CG can take 1 week of slow electrolysis to obtain 1- 5 ppm of high quality colloidal gold or platinum.   Remember that while making Colloidal Gold, a single channel generator would not be available for at least 1 week for making other solutions. This why many of our customers choose to buy the two or more channel model CS2-12 which is effectively two generators in one. 
GOLD ELECTRODE SIZES AVAILABLE: 24 carat 99.99% (0.9999 pure)  solid gold sheet electrode 28 gauge 1 x 2 inch or 0.5" x 4" , 1" x 1" , 2" x 2" , 2" x 6" etc
Gold electrodes are much thinner than silver because gold atoms do not leave the anode easily, whereas silver atoms leave the electrode surface very easily.  This is why you need a much thicker silver electrode. This is because gold takes days and weeks to make to obtain high concentrations, Using the single channel CS1-12 would limit your use, preventing use for silver while making gold.  It would be better to buy our two channel CS2-12.
If you plan to make Colloidal Gold regularly, you should consider our 2 channel generator CS2-12 otherwise CS1 -1 is sufficient for your purposes.  (Two channels, each for Silver, Gold and 10 other metals),  at  http://www.biophysica.com/colloidal_generator.html
Colloidal Platinum:
Colloidal Electrum Golden Platinum consists of silver, gold and platinum. Colloidal Gold and Colloidal Silver accentuate the health benefits associated with colloidal platinum. While many health benefits have been attributed to colloidal platinum over the years, its main modality of action, and the reason why its benefits are so multifaceted.  It has the ability to reinvigorate the life force.  It has also been used to treat cancer.
Colloidal platinum increases the coherence of the electrical impulses that pass along the synapses of the brain. As a result, many experience greater mental clarity and clairvoyance with platinum. Colloidal platinum has also been used in various cancer treatments. Colloidal Platinum has also been shown to regenerate the tissues of the heart, thymus and the entire endocrine system. It has harmonic frequency that optimizes DNA function and protects the body against degenerative disease.
Increased intuitive faculties can dramatically change your quality of life. What percentages of decisions that we make are based on an expected outcome? If we think about this for a minute, probably all of our decisions are made with hopes of it being the correct decision. If we become better adept at using intuition, a greater percentage of our decisions will be right rather than wrong.
Gold enhances and amplifies the improved mental clarity that colloidal platinum propagates. These heightened mental states will also enhance our creativity during awakening hours and may promote lucid dreaming while sleeping.  There is some research that shows platinum and silver synergistically working together inhibit cancer proliferation.
https://www.harmonicinnerprizes.com/products/categories/colloidal-technology/colloidal-platinum/
Promotes increased mental focus and concentration.
Promotes enhanced mental acuity.
Supports healthy tissue regeneration of the heart tissue, thymus and the entire endocrine system.
Promotes increased creativity.
Promotes lucid dreaming.
Promotes improved memory.
Supports DNA repair
Promotes increased libido in both males and females.
Has anti-cancer properties
ELECTRODES:  For prices look at  http://www.biophysica.com/colloidal_generator/electrodes.php
All of our generators use two substantial solid sheet metal electrodes of 99.99% purity (0.9999). For users with limited budgets, only one Gold, Titanium or Platinum electrode is needed, but for highest quality, two similar electrodes are recommended.
The only consumables are the pair of 99.99% medically pure silver electrodes designed to fit into the generator.  The electrodes emit silver atoms which go into suspension in the water.  Pure electrodes are obtainable from us and cannot be replaced by sterling or jeweler’s silver which are not sufficiently pure for drinking purposes.  The electrodes are of 24 gauge (0.02” or 0.5 mm) thickness and will last for at least 6 months with daily use.
We do not use rod or wire electrodes since large surface area is essential to making the highest quality CS or CG.  Two electrodes are always needed to electrically charge the water and are purchased in addition to the generator.  Better results are obtained with both electrodes being the same and of large area like 2 “ x 6”.  It is wise to buy two silver, 2 copper,  2 zinc electrodes. Since gold and platinum are so expensive, the generator is arranged so that you can switch off the alternating polarity self-cleaning which allows you to use only one precious metal electrode to save cost.  The other grounding cathode electrode would be of silver or copper.
Electrodes:  We have a regular supply of Canadian mined medically 99.99% pure solid silver, gold or copper bar electrodes which are made to our specifications.  The amount of atoms released per second is dependent on total surface area of the electrodes and the electrical current (up to 14 amperes) applied to the immersed electrodes. Consequently the build-up of gold  to 0.1 ppm takes many days in a typical 20,000 gallon swimming pool or drinking water holding tank.  Copper electrodes are intended primarily for pools.  Our electrodes have a larger than usual surface area (flat rather than round rods) for greater conductivity in pure water with low electrical conductivity less than 5 uS or 5 ppm.  We provide 6”, 8”, 10” , 12”, 14”, 18”  long electrodes. Our electrodes are length = 6" or 12”  x  width = 1.25".  Thickness of industrial copper electrodes is 6 mm (1/4”).  Silver electrodes can have thickness =  2, 4, or 6 mm (1/4”).  Electrodes will last about one year, then they can be easily replaced by unscrewing the plug.   The pool ionizer electrode pair is made of an alloy of copper 99% and silver 1%.  For drinking water electrodes are of pure solid silver. They are mounted on a 2” or 3” diameter PVC plug which can easily be screwed into the charging chamber to replace old electrodes. Plug has hand tight union thread. They are generally 6” long but can be up to 18” or multiple manifolds can be connected for large installations.
ELECTRODES:
Two electrodes are always needed to electrically charge the water and are purchased in addition to the generator.  Better results are obtained with both electrodes being the same and of large area like 2 “ x 6” costing $120 each for Silver. 
Our electrodes are flat sheets of the pure metal to allow the largest surface area.  We do not encourage the use of rods or wires. 
It is wise to buy two silver, 2 copper,  2 zinc electrodes. Since gold and platinum are so expensive, the generator is arranged so that you can switch off the alternating polarity self-cleaning which allows you to use only one precious metal electrode to save cost.  The other grounding electrode would be of silver or copper.
We do not use rod or wire electrodes since large surface area is essential to making the highest quality CS or CG etc.
ELECTRODES BECOME COVERED WITH A FINE DEPOSIT AFTER 12 HOURS OF CHARGING?
 Usually after 12 or more hours, silver oxide particles and atoms of Silver agglomerate together on the electrodes and float on top of the water and sink to the bottom causing apparent cloudiness. You dont have to stop at that point. These can be easily filtered out later  with a coffee or laboratory filter leaving absolutely clear water which you can drink.  After filtering, our concentrated 50 ppm CS water is still clear even after 48 hours of charging.  This is due to our use of 6 important factors: alternating polarity, high frequency pulse waveform, constant current charging, extra large electrodes, magnetization and motorized stirring.
 Is it OK to use one of those green scouring pads to clean the electrodes?
After each session, clean oxide deposits off the electrodes with fine steel wool to obtain a shiny surface. Green scouring pads and some steel wool pads often have soap or other chemicals which is bad for the silver.
 What electrodes are available?
Currently  we can obtain only the following metals with the necessary 99.99% purity Silver, Gold, Copper, Zinc, Magnesium, Iron, Titanium, Tin, Platinum, Palladium, Carbon, Steel. All of our electrodes are of 99.99% purity.  Magnesium electrodes are oxidized rapidly and should be carefully monitored and time limited. We now have large area electrodes of  silver, gold, Platinum, Titanium, Magnesium, copper
What size of electrodes do I need?
Decide about size of electrodes you need to fit your container and which metals. The larger area the better. 2" x 6" (5cm x 15cm) is a popular optimum size. For highest quality, we recommend the largest surface area possible (2" x 6" is a good and popular size). Too small an area, such as with rods or wires, and/or too high electrical current will produce large ineffective particle with low Zeta Potential. This why we advise against high voltage techniques.  Thickness is important only for longevity of the electrode and not for quality of the product.
Electrode Size:  The larger area of the electrode, and the smaller the current in milliamperes (Current Density), the higher the quality which is determined by electrical current flow passing across the electrode surface.  It is only the Anode Positive gold electrode in the RED outlet which releases atoms.  The other is merely a ground. Larger electrodes allow a greater quantity of higher quality CS water to be produced.
What thicknesses are available?
We generally order Silver in a thickness of 0.51 mm (0.02 inches, or 24 gauge) and Gold in 0.3 mm (0.013 inch or 28 gauge). Gold is thinner since it does not wear down so fast and area is the most important dimension. Other thicknesses are available on special order.  For highest quality, we recommend the largest surface area possible (2" x 6" is a good and popular size).  Thickness is important only for longevity of the electrode.  Area is important for quality of the product.
With our new 1 inch (2.5 cm) insulated stalk design, electrodes can extend deeper into the water for fuller immersion. To keep area constant, this requires us to make the electrode wider so as not to be too long for the average 1 or 2 litre container, ideally a fish bowl with a flat wall. We can supply you with glass jars for this purpose. We have found that for colloidal waters of Silver, Copper or Zinc a four litre glass coffee container or fish bowl is ideal. They generally have a 4 inch (10 cm) diameter mouth and a depth of 6 inch (15 cm). With electrodes separated by 2.5 inch (6.4 cm), maximum electrode width is 2.5 inches (6.4 cm). Consequently our ideal and most popular electrode size is 2 inches x 6 inches.
How are the electrodes mounted?
We generally attach a 1 inch stalk and gold-plated PIN plug (not Banana) on each electrode to fit our generators but can make any attachment you would like. If the electrodes are longer or wider than 6 inches and are to hang down, then they will need a double stalk to prevent electrodes from rotating and flapping around.  We can provide a separate insulated plate with a small 12 volt motor and stirrer on which to attach the electrodes, or a 5 to 10 gallon bucket for the electrodes to hang down (commercial model).  Look http://shop.biophysica.com/colloidal_mineral_waters/store_front/accessories.php     for a picture.   In our multichannel models we provide separate insulated plates each with a small 6 volt motor and stirrer on which to attach the electrodes.
Attaching to your own electrodes?
We can provide to you 1 inch copper stalk connected to gold-plated PIN plug.  The other end could be soldered to your electrode or attached by a #4 screw and nut. This connection and joint must be covered and protected from water corrosion by a layer of aquarium or food quality epoxy which we can provide. Cost for stalk and gold-plated PIN plug is $10 each and cost for epoxy tubes is $40.
OUR SILVER SOURCE:
We are very fortunate that our silver, gold and platinum come from Canadian silver mines and are purified by a local precious metal smelting company to 99.99%.  Then they are custom pressed to any thickness and dimensions which we specify.
We buy our precious metals in sheets and cut them to any custom size such as 1" x 1" , 2" x 2" , 2" x 6" etc.
Then we attach a short stalk from the electrode to a standard TIP plug or to banana or other plugs of your choice.
Then we cover the stalk and connection with food grade aquarium epoxy which is stable and impervious to water.
Electrode Area
We have observed that driving large electrical current through thin wires results in a much higher current density (mA per sq cm) than when using large sheet electrodes which are likely to provide more high quality nano-atomic particles than ions. According to Quantum theory, Nano-particles because of their boundary insulating layer which preserves charge, mutual repulsion and Brownian Movement, have more Quantum Healing Effects than ions which form a soluble combination with water, chloride and other radicals and have no distinct boundary layer.
EXOTIC METALS:
Germanium, Silicon, Selenium and Vanadium are difficult to obtain in sheet or rod form with sufficient purity.
We now add Germanium internally (Homeopathically) within the generator without the use of a separate external Germanium electrode.
TECHNICAL QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR NANOWATER GENERATORS:
Why use alternating polarity current?
Alternating polarity switching is a self-cleaning function and ensures that each electrode is alternately positive (anode) then negative (cathode) approximately every few minutes.  This ensures equal, balanced wear on each electrode with less formation of oxide deposits or of acid and alkaline ions. Each polarity of current is controlled by our Constant Current circuit.
Alternating the direction of electrical current flow through the electrodes causes a reverse flow and polarity reversal which functions well as an electrode self-cleaning technique.  Alternating the polarity of anode donor electrode and cathode recipient electrodes every few minutes causes etching and removal of any deposits on the electrode which had just been the cathode.  It is only when the electrodes are different, such as one silver and one gold, that Alternating Polarity switch is turned OFF and the Gold or Platinum electrode is placed into the red (Anode) outlet.
STIRRER/VORTEX: WHY USE A STIRRER?
Magnetic Stirrer has powerful Neodymium magnet providing 13,000 Gauss, enhances Zeta Potential, installed into plastic stirrer.  Generator has a built in stirring motor with neodymium magnetic stirrer to create a vortex to enhance Zeta Potential, prevent agglomeration and to ensure lasting potency. Motorized stirring stick with small 6 volt DC motor built into the generator.  Option of magnetic vortex stirrer which carries a neodymium magnet.  We can raise the range of stirrer speed to give a greater vortex for restructuring water.
If the vortex is not deep enough for you, this is because the motor is not spinning fast enough. We have used this particular 12 volt Mabuchi robot motor for many years successfully both in the colloidal generators and in our magnetic vibrator for massage therapists, Neodyme, where there is much more imbalance at higher rotational speeds.  In order to provide a greater vortex, the other option is to cement a 3/4" diameter disc or magnet to block the opening of the stirrer thus providing more surface for stirring action. This is available in our magnetic vortex stirrer which uses a powerful neodymium magnet to raise the vibration of the water.
Stirrer Motor Speed should be lowest:  The motor stirrer speed is unimportant unless you are creating a vortex for restructuring water and is best kept at the lowest speed level for all metals.  The use of a magnet loaded stirrer has quantum benefits in restructuring the water.  Turn speed down to the slowest, just to maintain mixing. Too much agitation may add in oxygen, giving rise to oxides which are harmless though unattractive.  Some enlightened users want a fast vortex to enhance the vibrational and spiritual energies in water.
Can I control the stirrer motor vortex speed?
The knob at the bottom left corner is for motor speed and for power ON. Keep the vortex speed low so as to avoid excessive vibration, especially if you are using a magnet-loaded stirrer.  Some customers prefer high speed stirring to create a vortex which creates structured water.
Research in our laboratory has demonstrated that gentle stirring of the water is essential to maintain Zeta Potential and to prevent accumulation of acid and alkali (electrolytic breakdown of water) at each electrode which causes excessive ion formation, more rapid wear on the electrodes and less charge on silver particles. The vortex also helps to restructure the water.  Other generators use heating, bubbling or cavitation of air to create agitation. We do not recommend this exposure to Oxygen and CO2 because of possible oxidation, tarnishing and charge neutralization of the highly active nanometer particles. We also recommend to ensure that your distilled water is not Oxygen, Peroxide, or Ozone enriched.  Try to avoid exposure to light both during the charging process and later.  This because the electronic charge attached to the Silver atoms could become neutralized by light.  Each stirrer can be loaded with 1 or 2 powerful Neodymium magnets for water magnetization look at http://www.web-hang.hu/sylmagnetism/leiras.htm
ALTERNATING POLARITY (SELF CLEANING)
Cleaning of electrodes using polarity reversing wipes off deposits on cathode which would accumulate. Polarity of anode and cathode reverses every  20 seconds
ELECTRICAL CURRENT:  Silver electrodes cannot be anodized with a current density exceeding a safe level of about 2 milliamps per square inch, otherwise large ineffective particles are produced.  This means that for a pair of silver electrodes of dimensions 2” x 6” the current should not exceed 24-30 milliamps, or for our industrial electrodes of 2” x 14” a constant current of 72 milliamperes, which we can produce easily with our in-line constant current bulk colloidal generator. 
Current is controlled by the knob which adjusts nanometre size. This sets a fixed-by-you upper limit on current level, no matter how conductive the water becomes.  This automatically ensures that the electrodes will not be overdriven (depending on your setting).
WHY USE CONSTANT CONTROLLED CURRENT?
Constant Current is a unique, specific term in Electronics. It is based on Ohm's Law and means "unchanged notwithstanding variations of applied voltage or electrical load (conductivity of the water)". Current Control avoids possible runaway conditions as the water becomes more conductive, which would result in excessive current and excessively large nanoparticles.
With Constant Current Control you can program, set, control, alternate or slowly change the current to be at any level you choose and it will not increase above that level no matter how conductive the water becomes. Our Alternating Polarity is also Constant Current controlled.
Most generators on the market use Constant Voltage (such as a directly from a battery or wall adapter). This is likely because Constant Current is not easy to implement, requires an automatic feedback control circuit such as invented by our scientific staff (similar to 'Cruise Control' in an automobile).  With Constant Voltage on the other hand, Ohm's Law (Current equals Voltage multiplied by Conductivity) implies that the current flowing through the water will vary wildly according to the conductivity of the water or applied voltage. Constant Current feedback control ensures that the current flowing will not change from whichever of the 12 programmed levels set by the control knob, such as 5 milliamperes (ma), regardless of the quality of the water.
We have used our generator successfully with tap, well, aquarium, swimming pool and even sea water, although we recommend good quality Reverse Osmosis (not distilled) water. It is current (not voltage) which does the work of releasing/etching metal atoms from the surface of the Anode (+) electrode according to the current density (ma per square cm). This is why it is also important to use as large surface area electrodes as possible to keep the current density to a minimum, rather than using thin wires or rods.
With overdriven wires you often see wisps of smoke which indicates particles of around 1000 nanometers (1 micron) instead of the desired 1 to 20 nanometers which are invisible, colorless, and too small to give a positive Tyndall test with a light or laser beam. Our particles recently were measured to be 1 - 8 nanometres (10 to 80 Angstroms) and can be classed as true mesocolloids.
WHY USE PULSED CHOPPED DC WAVEFORM?
To power the electrodes we use chopped Direct Current derived from a 48 volt DC supply and passes through a Chartres Labyrinth on the circuit board. Chopping frequency is programmed to scan around 432 to 528 Hertz (Love Frequency) with a subcomponent of Schumann Resonance frequency (7.83 Hz).  The DC current is controlled by a feedback constant current control circuit which prevents the instantaneous current pulses from exceeding a safe level, such as 30 milliamperes, regardless of water conductivity.  High frequency chopping is different from Alternating Polarity which takes place every 5 minutes in order to clean the electrodes
Pulsed high frequency waveforms are known as 'Pulsed Electro-Deposition' in the high quality electroplating industry to provide smaller smoother nanometre particles and crystals than is possible with unpulsed DC.  The frequencies and abrupt sharp edges of our pulse waveform seem to facilitate detachment and separation of atoms before they can agglomerate into larger clusters.  Pulse width and frequency have been carefully chosen to match each metal and our requirements to produce the best colloidal waters of small nanometre size to be most active against small viruses and prions and equivalent to mesocolloids and mono-atomic ORMUS entities.  Independent lab analysis confirms this.
High frequency Pulses of the most useful frequencies such as Rife, Schumann, 432, 528 Hz Love Frequency, with frequency modulation patterns is standard on each channel for making a higher quality smaller particle colloid of less than 8 nanometres.  Alternating Polarity (self-cleaning) is a separate, much lower frequency option because when making gold with only one electrode, you would switch off the alternation. Regardless of mode, the charging is always by Constant Current in order to prevent over-current runaway when the water becomes highly conductive.
The Pulse mode enables smaller particles to be produced and is proprietary refinement invented by Biophysica. The pulser is not to make stronger ppm but higher quality approaching atomic dimensions for Quantum and Superatom  effects and psycho-spiritual benefits and to combat prions.  With the Pulser, it is possible to get strong solutions but you need two to four times the length of time because the pulses are ON only for a fraction of the time (Duty Cycle).  For serious conditions, such as neurological disorders likely due to small unknown viruses and prions, the Pulser is a definite advantage by producing smallest silver particles which can cross the blood-brain barrier. When making colloidal Gold, turn the control knob up to a higher current and frequency level and charge for 5 -10 days at least.  The Pulse mode enables smaller particles to be produced and is proprietary refinement invented by Biophysica.  There is a price to pay in that during the Pulse mode the electrical current is ON only for a fraction (30 - 50%) of the time because with pulses the current flows only when the pulses are ON and not when they are off.  This means that there is less total energy to move metal atoms off the electrode surface, however those atoms which do come off are of a much higher quality and smaller (less than  8 nm) and likely more effective against small vicious viruses like Mad Cow entity called a Prion. 
PPM (Parts per Million, mcg/ml) and Conductivity
IS CONCENTRATION (PPM) IMPORTANT?
In Vitro studies with bacteria have demonstrated that 5 parts per million of Silver is the optimum local concentration needed to kill bacteria. In order to obtain this level in the body after dilution with the 10 litres of body fluid, the ingested water should optimally have a much higher concentration of at least 20 ppm. Recall that particle size is a more important parameter in establishing quality. 20 parts per million is 20 mg per litre or 20 microgram per ml. One half ounce of 20 ppm (15 ml) would contain 300 micrograms (0.3 mg) which is the recommended daily intake of Silver.  For Zinc, the recommended daily intake is 30 milligrams. For Magnesium it is 150mg.
PPM:  PPM is a measure of concentration of metal ions present in the water.  An approximate indication is possible using a Conductivity Meter (not a TDS meter which measures salt). We sell a suitable sensitive meter for $140 USD.  Not the less sensitive PWT Hanna meter.
Parts per million is a measure of what weight is present in milligrams per litre and indicates quantity not quality.  It can be very misleading since a large ppm quantity of large particles or ions could be mostly ineffective.   Colloidal waters quoted as being 100 or more ppm inevitably have large ineffective particles and ions combined with proteins.  The highest quality pure nano-particulate waters generally do not exceed 50 ppm, beyond which level the particles tend to combine into larger clusters.  Biophysica generators are designed to produce a range of very small sizes from less than 1 (ORMUS) to 8 nanometres with the highest concentration of 50 ppm for ingestion and for surface cleansing and disinfecting.
METER TO MONITOR CURRENT THROUGH ELECTRODES
The digital meter option allows the user to monitor the current through the water between the two electrodes and also the voltage across the electrodes. This gives a measure of conductivity from Ohm’s Law, where conductivity = current/ voltage. Observing the current (not voltage) allows the user to verify and see how the process is proceeding. Ideally a current should be no more than 2 milliamperes per square meter of electrode area and 1 mA/Sq.m for the highest quality (smallest nanoparticles). For a pair of 2” x 6” electrodes current would be 12 mA. If you are using distilled water, current will be very low at first and will increase slowly.
DILUTING THE COLLOIDAL WATER?:  Can I ship concentrate for later dilution
NO. The highest ppm seems to settle at 50 ppm beyond which agglomeration of nanoparticles happens.
During the electrolysis process an electrical charge (Zeta Potential) develops and the water becomes Structured Water.  Consequently diluting this water with other than structured water, even distilled water,  will neutralise the Zeta Potential and lose the colloidal characteristics.   Additionally you could not distill the CS water to make it more concentrated, because the Zeta Potential would not survive distillation or boiling which is a highly assaultive process.  In the case of colloidal gold and platinum, where the ppm is very low, it might work to evaporate (without boiling) much of the water to leave a more concentrated liquid, without destroying the Zeta Potential. 

TOTAL VOLUME PRODUCABLE BY ONE PAIR OF RESIDENTIAL ELECTRODES
TESTING THE GENERATOR
Are you using a microsiemens conductivity meter with fresh battery? Not a TDS meter. Did you clean electrodes with fine steel wool before the session? Has there been any change in the water you are using?  If the water is too pure, there will be very little electrical current flowing between the electrodes. This is why I have introduces the new digital display of current option.
Conductivity meters do not work well with metals other than silver particularly with Gold and Platinum.
Turn on the generator with the rotary speed control knob and observe the ON/OFF green light.  To test for proper functioning, take generator out of the water, plug in the two electrodes, then short the two electrodes together to make full current-limited power to flow from the generator. The electrode light should come on.  Alternatively using a multimeter in the voltage mode measure that the output voltage between the two electrodes is around 24-48 volts. This voltage will not change because it is current which does the charging.  Then turn the multimeter to the 200 mA position, connect the multimeter to the two electrodes, and measure the current flowing between the two electrodes . At the low settings of the nanometer control knob, you should be seeing a reading of 6 to 20 mA.  Make sure that the water you are using is not too pure or not conductive enough.  Distilled water will at first not conduct enough electricity to light the electrode light, until sufficient atoms have entered the water.  To check the Alternating function:  Using the multimeter, Check that the voltage and current alternate in polarity, when the alt switch is ON.
HOW CAN I TEST MY GENERATOR TO MAKE SURE IT IS WORKING PROPERLY?
If the lights of the generator do not come on, then there may not be power coming in to or from the 48 volt wall adapter.
We now have incorporated a green  electrode indicator which lights up whenever current more than 10 milliamps is flowing through the electrodes. This light will not come at first and until there is sufficient conductivity in the water.  Due to our constant current feature, you can safely short the two electrodes to each other to make sure that this electrode light comes on and that current is flowing. All LEDs are merely indicators and not essential to the functioning of the generator.  Sometimes the LED may burn out if there has been a lightning surge at your location. This will not affect the process.
ELECTRODE LIGHT MONITORS CURRENT FLOW
Using distilled or RO water, current flow will be at first very small, around 0.5 mA, which helps to ensure an abundance of very small nanoparticles of dimension around 1 nm which will be active against the smallest vicious viruses.  At first with distilled water there is a low level of current through the electrodes such that it takes a few hours for the water to become sufficiently electrically conductive for the Blue electrode LED to be visible. To test the function of the electrodes and charging circuitry bring the two electrodes together to contact each other and you should see the blue electrode light come on at the maximum level for the metal you have chosen. Another way is to connect a multimeter to the two electrodes.  Firstly with the meter in the voltage mode to measure the 24 or 48 volts voltage at the two electrodes. Secondly change the multimeter to the current (milliamps) mode and measure the current which should be around 25 mA for silver and close to 100 mA for gold.
You will usually see some slight oxide deposit on the electrodes or on bottom of container after a few hours of charging, even using the alternating polarity (self-cleaning) mode.
One way of testing the generator for proper electrical output is to buy a cheap multi-voltmeter from Radio Shack and use it to measure that the voltage by connecting the cables between the two electrodes is 24 or 48 volts. Then switch the meter to current reading of 200 mA DC and test each switch setting to verify the current flowing between the two electrodes.
Alternatively, buy a very small 12 volt automobile light bulb and connect it across the electrodes and turn the switch to higher levels and the bulb should light at about 50 milliamps. When you taste the water after 24 hours, there will be a recognizable metallic taste indicating a concentration of at least 20 ppm. This is taste technique is the definitive method of verifying success.
TESTING THE COLLOIDAL GENERATOR

  1. Quick method:  Short the two electrodes together (out of the water) and the electrode light (blue) should come on.

One way of testing the generator for proper electrical output is to buy a cheap analog multi-voltmeter from Radio Shack and use it to measure (out of the water) the voltage and current between the two electrodes by connecting the cables of the multimeter to each electrode. Digital meter gives false readings due to the high frequencies carried by the electrical current, injected into the water. Only an analog meter will work. We can send you an analog multimeter.

  1. Voltage is 24 or 48 volts, depending on the DC power supply. The polarity of this voltage should alternate every few minutes due to the self-cleaning function. This voltage will not change, it is current which changes as described below. The current between the electrodes is different from the current drawn by the power adapter because we are using constant current circuitry.
  2. Then switch the meter to current reading of 200 mA DC.  Verify the current flowing between the two electrodes (out of the water) and test each of the switch settings on the colloidal generator to make sure that each setting is producing an electrical current.  This should be in the range of 10 mA to 60 mA.
  3. When you taste the water after 24 hours, there will be a recognizable metallic taste.  This is the most important test of all
  4. There will be noticeable black particles of silver oxide floating around and in the bottom of the jar. You would normally filter these out at the end of the session, either with a coffee filter or by sedimenting (letting it stand for 24 hours).
  5. Lights:  There are three lights on the front of the single channel CSN1-12 generator. The actual lamp colours that we use have changed from time to time, therefore we would need to know which text description is under each light.
  1. The right-most is Power ON/OFF and is generally green
  2. The middle light (usually red) indicates the proper function of the clock whose rapid timing is divided down, using binary counters, by 128 times to drive and change the alternating polarity (self cleaning) with a ten minutes full cycle. In this way each electrode becomes the anode or positive electrode, while the other is the cathode. Only the anode releases atoms and any oxide deposits which may have accumulated. This function can be disabled by the alternating switch in order to allow users to use only one gold or platinum electrodes rather than two. Make sure that this switch is ON during normal operation, using two identical electrodes.
  3. The left-most light (usually blue) indicates that electrical current is flowing through the electrodes and into the water. It is not a linear indicator of current and will not come ON at first when using distilled water because of the initial low electrical conductivity which will increase over the next few hours. 1 microSiemens is equivalent to 1 megohm of resistance and would allow only 48 micro-amperes to flow. This initial microamp current will produce a range of mono- and di-atomic ultra-small nanoparticles which only add to the efficacy and quality of the colloidal product. At the lowest setting of the nanometre control knob, the lowest current is programmed to be 6 milliamperes.

MEASURING PPM:   1) Firstly make sure that the generator was working by observing the deposit of black silver oxide particles fallen to the bottom of the container and a fine coating on the surface of each electrode.  2)  Secondly by tasting the product to sense the bitter metallic taste which is apparent at levels above 20 ppm.
3) measure the microSiemens conductivity at the commencement and at the end of each session and record the change. Using a conductivity meter (not TDS meter) to measure the electrical conductivity in microSiemens gives an approximate indication or 1:1 relationship, with more silver present than is apparent, eg:  35 uS = 45 ppm.  Check the conductivity meter by measuring other conductive waters such as tap water, juices and make sure that the batteries are still working.  We sell such as professional conductivity meter for $140.
4) Sending sample to a professional laboratory, we sent ours to Natural Immunogenics in Florida, http://www.biophysica.com/analysis.shtml
CONDUCTIVITY METERS:  Look at http://biophysica.com/content/science-behind-our-technology/formulas-and-conversions/
And look at http://www.biophysica.com/colloidal_generator/accessories-domestic.php
We sell several conductivity test meters.  We prefer the HANNA PWT  Use your HANNA PWT meter to give a good estimate of PPM. Manually shut off generator after 24 hours, and then measure it for ppm  This is a small professional quality microSiemens meter specially chosen for the required range of our colloidal mineral water application (0-999 uS). Do not use a TDS meter which gives false results. We can supply advanced meters to measure pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen etc. . One uS is approximately equal to 1 ppm.
Electrical conductivity should have risen from 1 or 12 uS up to a high of 20 to 50 uS.
How is concentration (PPM) measured?
There is no easy and accurate way of measuring Silver Ion and Particle concentration. Measuring ppm in water is a very inaccurate art and is usually done crudely by measuring electrical conductivity, such as with the Hanna Water Meter which we stock and sell available at http://www.biophysica.com/conductivity.htm
Some experts consider that Electrical Conductivity or TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) using a Water Meter is an approximate measure of ppm.  Our analysis revealed that 35 micro-Siemens corresponded with 45 ppm.  During the charging process Conductivity rises from and initial level of 0 or 1 micro-Siemens and after 48 hours rises up to 20-50 micro-Siemens.  The other subjective way to check is to taste the bitter taste at the back of the mouth to make sure that there is a minimum concentration. A concentration of 5 ppm seems hardly sufficient to combat serious infections because with dilution of the 10 litres of body fluid, concentration in the tissues and blood may become reduced to ineffective levels. The only problem with CS is not taking enough.
Even among experts there is confusion about ppm and how much is Ionic and how much particulate (colloidal) and how conductivity meters and analytical laboratories reflect these measurements. For example it is possible to obtain an electrical conductivity reading of 60 microSiemens and for the lab to say that it is only 35 ppm, when another lab will report that it is 72 ppm or 1.2 times the conductivity reading (the figure of 1.2 is more likely to be accurate).  Regarding the water test meter, it measures only electrical resistance of the water which is only an indirect measure of ions and atoms in the water and is the best method conveniently available.  Also nanoparticles can have a positive or a usually a negative charge. 
With Reverse Osmosis water the measurement usually commences at around 12 uS and it rises to about 20-50 units after 48 hours with Silver (1 ppm per hour).  An accurate measure of parts per million can only be done by sending a sample of the water to a special analytical laboratory, which we have done several times and correlated the ppm result with conductivity, with report such as we have done at http://www.biophysica.com/analysis.shtml
Final concentration is proportional to the volume of water, electrode area, amount of time and current level in milliamperes during the charging process. Too much current density (ma per square cm) damages the electrode surface, damages and breaks down the water (electrolysis), produces undesirable ions and large ineffective particles which can cause Argyria (a harmless skin discoloration).
Conductivity testing is done by immersing the end of the Conductivity Meter into the water and reading the display on the meter. Most users test the quality of their RO Water first and often find that there is considerable differences between pure water suppliers. Many distilled waters have added Ozone which could contribute to undesirable Oxide formation and yellow discoloration.
ANOMALOUS CONDUCTIVITY READINGS:  Readings rise then fall then rise again.
This kind of anomaly has been noted by others and by ourselves. We intend to look into this more scientifically but our  theory is that there are two entities in the water, each of opposite charge. Metal ions are positive (Cations) and particles may be positive or negatively charged and the resulting conductivity depends on which of the two prevails in order to conduct externally applied electrons from the conductivity meter so as to give a current reading on the meter (by Ohm's Law). This of course may explain why conductivity and TDS measurements can be so notoriously inaccurate in representing ppm. It could be a good sign that conductivity drops during the charging process and may be due to a greater preponderance of particles over ions. It could be that conductivity meters, by being based on Ohm's Law and the flow of negative entities (electrons) may be giving misleading measurements.
We have observed that driving large electrical current through thin wires results in a much higher current density (milliamps per sq cm) than when using our large sheet electrodes which are likely to provide more high quality nano-atomic particles than ions. According to Quantum theory, Nano-particles because of their boundary insulating layer which preserves Zeta Potential charge, mutual repulsion and Brownian Movement, have more Quantum Healing Effects than ions which form a soluble combination with water, chloride and other radicals and have no distinct boundary layer.
Calculating PPM:  The ppm is determined by the surface area of the electrodes multiplied by the length of time of charging the water.  For example 12 hours would give about 15 ppm with the optimum electrodes of 2” x 6” (5 cm x 15 cm) .  We have found that 24 hours of charging gives approximately 24 ppm and 48 hours gives 48 ppm after which little further increase is possible due to agglomeration of particles into larger nanoclusters giving rise to yellow colour.  Because of temperature differences and differences in water and dissolved oxygen, there is some variation in results.  The generator is programmed for the optimal current level and pulsed frequencies for that electrode for the best current density (milliamps per square cm).  Thicker electrodes of any thickness are available and will last longer.  
WHAT PPM OF SILVER CAN I EXPECT?
With Silver, the largest reasonable ppm and still have a stable product is about 50 ppm over 48 to72 hours otherwise the particles begin to attach to each other giving a yellow colour or cloudiness.  In our opinion, colour in any colloid represents large particle size. Continuing longer would not add too much.  Silver, Magnesium, Zinc and Copper are very similar in their atomic characteristics. The best ppm is to have at least 10 ppm up to 50 ppm.  Obviously you would need less of the stronger more concentrated version to get the same benefits. You can get some imprecise indication of strength by tasting the water or by electrical conductivity using a microsiemens meter, which we sell, not a TDS meter.
Normally we use ourselves and  recommend 48 hours for 48 ppm.  The current in our generators is controlled to be very low at first so as to ensure the smallest nanometre sized particles (1 - 8 nm) rather than ions.  To maintain the high ppm and quality after making, protect the water from light and electro-magnetic fields, especially during the manufacturing charging phase.  . We can supply brown or blue glass or plastic bottles in 8oz, 16 oz, and 32 oz sizes.  Store  the finished product in blue or amber bottles, preferably glass. For bottles go to www.richardspackaging.com  or Consolidated Bottle at   http://en.consbottle.com/
Colloidal mineral waters made by our generators have such high quality and Zeta Potential (-60 mv) that plastic containers show no obvious disadvantages to quality and longevity. However, plastics are accused of lowering the esoteric vibrational nature of the structured water.
QUALITY AND COLOR OF THE FINAL COLLOIDAL PRODUCT. NEED FOR FILTERING?  CLEAR OR CLOUDY? TYNDALL EFFECT
Because of Oxygen already dissolved or from Ozonizing and also produced by the electrolysis process, substantial amounts of different silver oxides form. Some are black and cause the water to appear cloudy, some attach to the cathode, some float to the top and some sink to the bottom of the container during the process. These can be filtered out with a paper coffee filter or sedimented by letting the water stand for a day.  The final product will be clear. There will be a reflected light beam using a laser (Tyndall Effect) because some of the harmless silver oxide crystals are around 1 micron (1000 nm) in size.
QUALITY (NANO-PARTICLE SIZE):
Smallest nanoparticle size in the range of 1 to 8 nanometres is the most effective against the most vicious organisms, spirochaetes (leptospira, treponema, borellia), viruses (Epstein-Barr) and prions, all of which damage the nervous system.  Particle size is directly dependent on microcurrent level. Overdriving the electrodes such as in using small rod or wire electrodes or using high voltages and high currents will produce large particles and an inferior product which may work against large bacteria but not against the above organisms.  The focus of our research over the last 10 years is to produce the smallest nanoparticles (1 to 8 nm).  Recent laboratory reports at http://www.biophysica.com/analysis.htm indicate that we have achieved the highest quality of colloidal waters with particle size ranging from 1 to 5 nm for gold and 1 to 8 nm for silver with minimal ion formation, since ions rapidly combine with stomach acid to produce insoluble silver chloride. It is impossibleto give you an accurate figure for percentage or ion:particle ratio since we believe that laboratory analysis such as with Doppler Zetasizers and electrical conductivity are inaccurate.
COLOUR OF COLLOIDAL SILVER  WATER:    Fresh Colloidal waters with should be clear with no Tyndall Effect, colour or cloudiness even at high ppm of 50 ppm because the vast majority of particles are less than 10 nanometers.  Our independent lab reports confirm this controversial fact. Sometimes chlorine, oxygen or ozone in the water may oxidize some of the silver giving a yellow tinge of silver chloride or oxide which is harmless. Any colour in the water indicates large molecules in the visible range of 300 to 600 nanometres.
Nanoparticle Size:  Highest quality of colloidal mineral water is equated with smallest particle size in the optimal range of 0.5 to 10 nanometres.  This will help ensure that the smallest most vicious neurotoxic viruses and prions are inactivated , not just the larger bacteria. Smallest nanoparticle size in the range of 1 to 8 nanometres is the most effective against the most vicious organisms, spirochaetes (leptospira, treponema, borellia), viruses and prions, all of which damage the nervous system.  Particle size is directly dependent on microcurrent level. Overdriving the electrodes such as in using small or wire electrodes or using high voltages and high currents will produce large particles and an inferior discolored product which will work against large bacteria but not against the above organisms.  Biophysica is one of the few companies who have had independent analysis carried out, not only on the nanoparticle size but also on confirmed effectiveness against MRSA.
Size is the most important of properties affecting quality. Studies have shown that the optimum size is related to the microbe or Prion to be inactivated and that clusters of silver atoms over 20 nanometres (200 Angstroms) in diameter are much less effective (1 nanometre = 1/1000 micron = 1 millionth of a millimetre). Therefore it is prudent to provide in the water a range of size from the smallest mono-atomic (ORMUS) to the largest of 10 nm.
Since particle size is related to current, we program our generators to provide a slowly ramping current commencing at the microampere level. This current control is maintained even when using impure conductive water. With Silver, Copper and Zinc, we advise not heating the water or adding salt, both of which make it excessively electrically conductive. Distilled water is generally conductive enough to begin the delicate process which should not be rushed. Also our use of 48 volts now increases our control over current for Gold, Titanium, Platinum and Palladium.
Since each cluster or atom can carry one unit of electrical charge, then it follows that smaller particles will result in a much more electrically active product. It may be that much of the efficacy against microbes is due to the electrical charge, while the silver may be merely a catalytic carrier of charge. This is why measuring Electron Energy Content could become as important as Zeta Potential and ppm.
IONIC V PARTICULATE
What ratio or percentage of silver ions to silver particles does your generator produce?
Our generators are designed to produce the highest ratio or particles to ions in our industry. This is accomplished by slow charging over 48 hours, constant current, alternating switched polarity, stirrer, high frequency pulsation, magnetic vortex. Independent measurements with electron microscopy have revealed the small size and abundance of spherical nanoparticles in our product. To quantitatively measure the relative amount of ions and particles is impossible to do with accuracy at these nano dimensions. This includes zetasizer equipment which claim to measure doppler velocity.
We have invested much effort to make as close to 100% particulate rather than Ionic.  There is much misinformation and pontificating by self-proclaimed experts.  The SEM pictures of our product indicate that it is highly particulate and spherical and of a very small size of 1 to 8 nanometres which we believe to be the best in the industry at http://www.biophysica.com/analysis.htm
To be effective nanoparticle size must be under 10 nm.  These nanoparticles are not ions, (which are charged single atoms), they are clusters of 2 or more atoms and retain a positive charge called Zeta Potential which ensures that they repel each other and remain active for years.  Unlike ions, nano-particles are not metabolized even by stomach Hydrochloric Acid and act only as catalysts in the body and interfere with the survival of a wide spectrum of microbes, prions and viruses. Because their size is smaller than many molecules they are excreted by the kidney all too quickly and do not accumulate in the body unlike the large particles and ions of traditional crudely made or proteinised Colloidal Silver.  Ions will immediately form insoluble compounds such as silver chloride and oxide in the body (stomach acid) this is why we avoid forming ions with our proprietary features which minimize electrolysis and the formation of ions and large particles.  For these purposes we use large area electrodes, built-in motorized magnetized stirrer, low constant current to slowly and carefully over 48 hours remove atoms from the 99.99% pure metal electrodes, alternating switched polarity for self-cleaning of electrodes, pulse modulated DC using specific high frequencies appropriate to each metal.
 In electrolysis, a certain amount of ions are unavoidable, especially if the electrical current is high with respect to electrodes area.  We have developed methods and technology to produce the highest ratio of particles to ions. One of these methods is to use the lowest current to produce the smallest size of nanoparticles.  The consequence of this low current “tradeoff” is that the process will take longer.  Using a higher current will speed up the process at the expense of more ions and larger particles.  The “nanometre size” control knob (graduated potentiometer) can make this adjustment to allow the user to control the current level thereby controlling particle size and particle-ion ratio.  For the highest quality, turn the knob to the lowest level.  I cannot give you an accurate figure for percentage or ion:particle ratio since we believe that laboratory analysis such as with Doppler Zetasizers and electrical conductivity are not sufficiently accurate.
Subtle Energies and Sacred Geometry
It is in the range of nanometre and sub-nanometre dimension that the bizarre effects of Quantum Physics (tunneling, non-locality, interconnectedness, action-at-a-distance, tachyonics, superconductivity, superatom, interaction with Consciousness) begin to operate. It is a major thrust of our research program to provide a quantum fluid with particles less than 10 nm. For interaction with Consciousness look at "Vibrational Medicine, chapter 8 by Dr Richard Gerber on the work of Dr Bernard Grad at McGill University where 2 samples of water picked up positive energies of the healer Oscar Estebany or negative energies of depressed patients. Also the ice work of Dr Masaru Emoto at www.masaru-emoto.net  and the research of Dr William Tiller at www.tiller.org
We include in all of our products components which shield and protect the user from the effects of noxious energy forms.  Sacred invocations and sacred geometry, etched on all of our circuit boards, insert into the water these blessings and miraculous benefits.  We favour the Chartres Labyrinth as our cosmic antenna of choice.
Pulse modulated broad spectrum high frequency (including Schumann Resonance frequency, Love Frequency of 528 Hz as described by Dr Len Horowitz) and other frequencies favoured by Homeopathic doctors.  High frequency pulse modulation adds extra energy to the emitted atoms to prevent mutual attraction or agglomeration and ensures smallest nanoparticle size.  This extra energy adds to the Zeta Potential of each particle thus increasing the longevity and effectiveness of the product.
Does my CS need to be protected from light and other influences?
Most people and some experts dont bother to protect their CS water from light for the 2 days of charging or afterwards.
We have found no measurable changes or deterioration to our colloidal waters even after many months of exposure to plastic or light, however we recommend that you avoid exposure to light, strong electro-magnetic fields and to individuals harbouring negative thoughts or suffering from an emotional disorder (ref Consciousness research of Drs Emoto and Dr Bernard Grad at McGill university mentioned above).
Differences in concentration and colour of the water are thought to be due to excessive electrical current, different quality of the source water, temperature and most probably quantum effects, since we are making quantum-sized particles less than 20 nanometres.
SUITABLE SOURCE WATER:
We are now recommending that distilled water not be used, unless it is made privately and even then the results are poor.  This is because purchased DW seems to be all ozonized which interacts with the silver to cause a yellow color.  Obtain Reverse Osmosis water which has no Chlorine or Ozone.  It is usually available from water stores at $3-$4 for 5 gallons (20 litres).  Tap water usually has Chlorine and Fluoride which are incompatible with silver.   Any aqueous fluid, tea or juice from distilled to salt water can be subjected to electrolysis and release silver atoms. Even sewage water heavily polluted with coliform bacteria has been rendered safe to drink.
When the source is well, lake or river water it is generally wise to clean it first with filtration and Reverse Osmosis, before adding silver or copper.  Make sure that your water is not too pure and non-conductive.  It would be better to commence the process with a small amount of conductivity in the water, such as with Reverse Osmosis water or single distilled water or add a few crystals of Ascorbic Acid to commence with 1 to 5 microSiemens.  Do not add salt which contains Chloride and may form insoluble silver chloride.
CAN I MAKE THE CHARGING PROCESS FASTER?
The reason that 24 to 48 hours is the optimum time is that we are producing a range of the highest quality smallest nanometre and atomic sized particles, from less than 1 up to 8 nanometres. This can be best done by automatically controlling and programming the electrical current so that the water is charged slowly and carefully, just like "trickle-charging" of an automobile battery over many hours, rather than in one hour (Boost Charge). We cannot push the water or the electrodes (boost-charge) without compromising quality.
Parts per million (ppm) is directly related to electrical current in milliamperes, electrode area, to time, and inversely to volume of water.  We have found that a 7.5 litre (2 gallons) container of distilled water can be charged with Silver, Copper or Zinc for 48 hours and produce 24 to 40 ppm with the high quality reported in the analytic results seen at http://www.biophysica.com/analysis.htm
 With regard to the noble metals Gold, Platinum and Titanium, these atoms are more difficult to remove from the electrode and require more time, more electrical current, higher voltage and seeding catalytic agents to produce the desired results.
What is the approximate gallons of CS that can be made per set of electrodes?
Total Volume Yield:  The generator with pair of 2" x 6" electrodes will provide about 400 batches of 5 litres = 2000 litres, then the electrodes will be reduced in size due to atoms of silver having been released.  For example if you make 5 litres of 40 ppm (40 mg/litre) then 200 milligrams (0.2 grams) of metal have been removed from the pair of electrodes. A pair of 24 gauge, 0.5 mm thick 2" x 6" electrodes contain 83.3 gms of pure metal of which about 80 gms are removable. Total volume of 40 ppm = 80gms/40mg = 80/0.04 = 2000 litres.  Doubling the thickness to 1 mm (18 AWG) would double the total yield.
For making moderately large bulk quantities of CS, we supply 2 solid 1/8" thick bars 6" long of silver rather than the thin sheets for domestic use. For very large quantities, we supply 2 or more large thick sheets of solid silver.
The answer can be calculated from the weight of the 2 silver metal electrodes at a chosen desired ppm (milligrams per litre). The relevant equation is concentration = weight divided by volume, or PPM = mg/litre Therefore total volume = weight of electrodes divided by PPM.
For two residential electrodes of 2 x 6 inches each 45 gms and a desired PPM of 10 mg/l, then total volume would be 90000/10 = 9000 litres = 2160 gallons.
For two bulk electrodes each 1 lb (454 gm) and a desired PPM of 10 mg/l, then total volume would be 908000/10 = 90800 litres = 23989 gallons
AUTOMATIC CUTOUT SWITCH:  We do not include a  ppm cutout switch that would turn off the unit when it reaches a certain ppm setting or timer to give rise to problems. This is because such switches are based on electrical conductivity which is extremely unreliable as a measure of ppm. Because of temperature differences and differences in water conductivity and dissolved oxygen, there is some variation in results in monitoring ppm. It is better to calculate the ppm by the length of time of charging the water, for which you could use an external timer/switch.  For example 12 hours would give about 15 ppm with the optimum electrodes of 2” x 6” (5 cm x 15 cm).  We have found that 24 hours of charging gives approximately 24 ppm and 48 hours gives 48 ppm after which little further increase is possible due to agglomeration of particles into larger nanoclusters giving rise to yellow colour.  The generator is programmed for the optimal current level and high frequencies for that area of electrodes for the best current density (milliamps per square cm).  Thicker electrodes of any thickness are available and will last longer.
IS THERE ANY OTHER KIND OF ENERGY PRESENT IN YOUR CS GENERATORS?
The electrical and vortex energy causes a restructuring of the water molecules so as to lower surface tension and make the water less polymeric, thus rendering it more able to flush out biotoxins from the mitochondria. Miasmic shielding is also included using Sacred Geometry.  Nanoparticles floating in water or biological fluids have an attached electrical charge called Zeta Potential which maintains the particles as a colloidal suspension due to mutual repulsion. This charge inactivates bacteria and viruses without any other chemical interaction. Because the nanoparticles are non-ionic and smaller than most molecules, they are all too rapidly excreted unchanged through the kidneys. Consequently in severe, acute infections regular hourly sublingual dosage is necessary to maintain adequate levels in the blood.
CONTAINER:  What size and kind of containers do I need to make Colloidal mineral waters?
We can supply  containers of 1.5 gallon (7.5 litres) light plastic clear containers with a tap at the bottom, suitable for making the colloidal waters. Being a fraction of the weight of glass, they are ideal for international shipment to you.  Glass is considered superior for storage, but I have found no difficulties with plastic containers, either for charging or for storage. The price for each container is $40 USD.
Using a bigger container (2 or more litres) means more water to be charged with ions and particles and necessitates a longer time such as 48 hours to obtain 20 - 50 ppm.  There is no limit on how large a container, but one would be better to use larger electrode area such as 6" x 6"  to compensate, otherwise the ppm will be very low, such as 1 - 5 ppm.  With small to medium sized electrodes it is unwise to use more than 2 litres.  Fish bowls (2-4 litres) and glass coffee makers make excellent containers for charging water and are available at pet stores.   Anchor Hocking model 70/2L has mouth diameter = 3.5 inches. Walmart sells 2 and 4 litre cracker/cookie jar sand fish bowls of various sizes (made by Anchor Hocking) which we can sell to you. Alternatively buy them from www.cooking.com.    Remember to do the charging in a dark area away from noxious energies.
Glass container for charging should have an opening of about 10 cm (4”) and is not included because similar containers are available very inexpensively in shops and grocery stores and as a glass fish bowl for pet fish. It is at Walmart as a 1 gallon (4 litre) cracker/cookie jar.  It is made of glass which is very heavy and costly for us to send by mail or by courier. I can send you one but the shipping cost would be several times the value of the container.  You can buy them online for $10 at http://www.cooking.com/products/shprodde.asp?SKU=164275   Alternatively buy a used large glass coffee cup from a second hand store, or a goldfish bowl.
It is better to use a glass container to make the CS water.  You can make batches from 1 litre to 5 litres in a jar or fish bowl with a opening about 4 inches (10 cm).  Glass jars are heavy and large and would add considerably to the shipping cost for us to send to you.  Meanwhile you could order them directly from www.cooking.com who will ship internationally at a much lower price.  They are called Cookie & Cracker Jar with Silver Lid (1-gal.) Item #164275  by Anchor Hocking  If necessary, we could sell them to you.
CHARGING TIME :  Charging is done very slowly with a low controlled current to ensure highest quality (smallest nano-particle size).  Particle size is directly dependent on current density which must be maintained appropriate to that particular electrode size and metal, such as copper, gold, zinc, magnesium, tin, platinum, titanium etc.  We find that production rate with large 2” x 6” electrodes in a 5 litre container rate is about 1 ppm per hour so that you can have 24 ppm in 24 hours, or 48 ppm in 48 hours. Charging the water any faster will give large ineffective particles.  With 1 litre container ppm rises at a rate of 5 ppm per hour for 2” x 6” electrodes.  PPM will not rise much above 50 ppm even after many days of charging.

POWER: 
Electrical Current:  Silver electrodes should not be anodized with a current density exceeding a safe range of about 2 to 10 milliamps per square inch, otherwise large ineffective particles are produced so that for a pair of silver electrodes of dimensions 2” x 6” the current should not exceed 24 to 120 milliamps, or for electrodes of  3” x 12” a current of 360 milliamperes which we can produce easily with our in-line constant current bulk colloidal generator.
Current And Voltage Monitoring: 
This external option allows you to plug in an external meter which will indicate the actual voltage and current flowing through the electrodes in the water.  This feature is not essential since we have installed a light on the front panel which indicates current flow.  We have available a Datalog computer module to monitor and record conductivity throughout many hours of charging.
High Voltage: HVAC: 
Some manufacturers of generators are claiming that their high voltage AC systems are superior.  Generally they are using thin wire electrodes which are being overdriven at 60 Hertz, using thousands of volts from a neon transformer.  We use gentle low voltage AC where the AC is at high frequencies appropriate to each metal. Our frequencies include 528 Hz (Love Frequency of Dr Len Horowitz), Schumann Resonance, and Rife frequencies. We do not use 60Hz
Power Supply:  All of our ionizers have internationally approved supply of 48 volts  (to overcome problem of non-conductive water).
We supply short-circuit-proofed International approved regulated switching 24 or 48 volt power supply/adapter compatible with mains power in any country.  These switching adapters are international approved for all countries. It will accept 100v AC to 240 v AC You should use a passive adapter to convert the contact pins for your country
Cost is $50 US for 24 v. for silver and $80 for 48 volts supply which will make silver, gold, platinum and other metals. 
We can give you an adapter plug (2.1 mm) and cable to connect our generator to your 12 volt battery or solar panel system at no extra charge.
With the CS1-2 and CS1-12 for 12 metals, you will need the 48 v power supply adapter in order to make gold water. You would then not need a 24 v adapter which is for generators which make silver only eg CS1-1
Filtration :  Electrolysis always produces oxide particles due to the production of Oxygen and Hydrogen from the breakdown of water and from Oxygen dissolved in the water and chloride from any chlorine in the water.  These particle should be filtered out, preferably by allowing sedimentation of the produced water and pouring off the upper layers of colloidal water.
Murkiness:  The process always generates silver oxide particles which give a cloudy appearance to the water.  When allowed to stand for 24 - 48 hours the particles sediment to the bottom of the container, leaving a clear water which is then easier to filter. Sometimes chlorine, oxygen or ozone in the water may oxidize some of the silver giving a yellow tinge of silver chloride or oxide which is harmless.
Colour of CS water :    The electrolysis process releases free oxygen and hydrogen.  The oxygen forms silver oxide microparticles on the electrodes, cause a dark appearance to the water which soon gravitate to the bottom of the container. Allow these particles to settle then filter the water, you will have a clear result.  Fresh Colloidal waters with should be clear with no Tyndall Effect after settling and filtering. There should be no colour or cloudiness even at high ppm of 50 ppm because the vast majority of particles are less than 10 nanometers.  Our independent lab reports confirm this controversial fact.
The yellow tinge is harmless and indicates that some of the silver has oxidised to insoluble silver oxide due to the oxygen already present in the water and also produced as part of the electrolysis process.  I have rarely noticed a yellow colour in the product water. This might be due to my electrodes being used up and smaller, and the room being warmer thus increasing the water conductivity thus receiving too much current. Interesting graph which helps explain the yellow colour at   http://www.silverwell.com.au/Making-CS.html
PROBLEMS:
STIRRER PROBLEMS
Stirrer: motor not working: This outdated page on my site will give instructions to diagnose and replace parts at http://biophysica.com/colloidal_stirrer_repair.html
Cloudy or Yellow Water: If the source water has been chemically treated with Chlorine, or perhaps Ozone or Hydrogen peroxide, which it most likely will, then there would certainly be adverse oxidation interactions and formation of insoluble chlorides and oxides.
Testing the generator:  If the generator  seems not to be working, check that the blue light of the electrode indicator is coming on when immersed in water while the other lights are regularly on.  Then short the two electrodes together to make the blue light come on.
Indications of successful charging:  After 12 to 48 hours of charging there should be some particles of silver oxide on the bottom of the container.  The blue charging electrode light should have illuminated.  The water should have a metallic taste after 24 – 48 hours.
At first with distilled water the electrode indicator light will be very weak since its intensity is an indicator of water conductivity.
If there is no blue electrode light when physically shorting the two electrodes together, this suggests a disconnection inside the generator and we would repair this without charge. All of our generators are tested well before shipping, so the above problem is unlikely.
Alternating Polarity:  The best way to check for proper alternation is to use a multimeter and observe the change in polarity across the electrodes. Alternatively using an external test LED which will light up with one polarity only.  Then when the light goes out, reverse the connection of the LED to the electrodes & observe how it lights up with the reversed polarity.  Current should be set to one of the low levels so as not to burn out the external test LED.
ZAPPER AND SKIN ELECTRODES
The zapper output is a pulsating energy waveform having both pulse-width and frequency modulation.  Frequency is swept slowly up and down within the range best suited to restructure and to energize water. The zapper output is available from the pulsing option and applied to the body using skin or hand-held electrodes or on acupuncture needles.  It is reported by Dr Clark to be beneficial in treating miasmic parasites. For Zapper links.
Zapper output makes available the high frequency pulses which are passed through the electrodes into the body. The zapper cable and electrodes are standard TENS of soft conductive rubber. Alternatively we sell metal tubular electrodes for hand-held application.  More zapper details at http://www.raydionics.com/zapper.htm   These frequencies contain Rife, Schumann and those advocated by Dr Hulda Clark and Dr Len Horowitz (432-528 Hertz Love Frequency).
These are the same pulse signals which go through the on-board etched Chartres Labyrinth and the electrodes into the water. Zapper kit includes internal modifications and output connector jack for standard TENS cable and electrodes for electrification of skin and blood. This Zapper option with electrodes and cable costs additional $100.
Link to Dr Clark’s zapper www.drclark.net/en/products_devices/devices/zapper.php
ZETA POTENTIAL:  Ours is the highest for long-term potency and quality.

What are the costs?
Today, most Health Food Stores carry and sell several brands of colloidal silver, scores of MLM companies have colloidal silver products in their lines. While it is still possible to spend as much as $20/oz. for colloidal silver water in Health Food Stores and from MLM companies, prices can be as low as $4/oz.      You can make your own fresh untarnished high quality COLLOIDAL SILVER  for pennies using our colloidal generator. In this way you are assured of quality, freshness, safety and effectiveness.
Why does this technology cost so much?
The electrodes are solid large area 99.99% medically pure metal which are time consuming for us to cut, insulate and attach to Gold plated pins. Also we have just brought down the price of our generators which are also very labour intensive and time consuming to make, such as etching each Miasm and Sacred Geometry protected Printed Circuit Board. We have to etch them individually ourselves and it cannot be done commercially by a computerized production-line manufacturer because of the unique Sacred Geometry graphics and Chartres Labyrinth pattern on the board.
HOW DO I ORDER?
To order, decide what electrode sizes you would like depending on the volumes you will be producing.  All of our generators have motorised stirrer, Alternating Polarity (self-cleans the electrodes), Constant Current and High Frequency Pulsation as essential standards.  To order simply let us know by e-mail or by phone and we will let you know postal or courier shipping charges depending on where you live, then you could pay by www.paypal.com . Paypal will accept credit cards.  Generally we e-mail  an invoice to you from our Paypal account.  Prices are in US dollars.  Alternatively pay by bank draft or certified cheque.  If you order let us know your phone number, since e-mails are sometimes unreliable.
MAILING AND SHIPPING,  CAN_YOU_MAIL_INTERNATIONALLY?
Mailing to Europe costs about $80 US and is insured with a tracking number. We ship successfully to Spain, France, Poland, Estonia, Australia, Africa, Philipinnes, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates and even Turkey and Egypt etc.  We describe the package as “water purifier’ which has a specific customs tariff number 8421.99.  If you have to return anything for repair, please mark the box and describe it as “water purifier parts returned for repair’ with a value of $50 so that no purchase importation taxes are levied against us.
 WHAT IS YOUR WARRANTY?
Warranty is 5 years for any faults or dysfunctions of our causing. “Return for Repair” shipping costs to us would be the responsibility of the purchaser, while  “Return after Repair” standard (not overnight) shipping would be our contribution if in North America. The effects of wear such as broken wires, rusted motor, connectors becoming loose, electrodes consumed with use are not covered by warranty.  For returns and more details, look at http://shop.biophysica.com/home_page/warranty_returns_repairs.php
WHAT IS YOUR RETURNS POLICY?
Both purchaser and seller have a mutual responsibility to persevere, for a reasonable time of at least 90 days, to obtain proper satisfactory performance, function and results of any product. If you find, after due diligence by both parties, that you are unsatisfied with your instrument, electrodes and accessories, we will accept it back within 90 days with a retesting, restocking charge of 15% per month which is typical in industry, provided that the items are not damaged or worn. Refund would be for the product only and not to include shipping costs. Beyond 3 months, we would charge further 10% per each additional month.  This charge could be considered equivalent to rental.  Details are at   http://shop.biophysica.com/home_page/warranty_returns_repairs.php
Returns    When you send it please describe it and clearly mark on the customs declaration form and on the outside of the box as "water purifier, return for repair under warranty" so that customs does not see it as a new item and charge us purchase taxes or import duties, or think it may be a medical device and call the FDA.  Failure to declare it very clearly as returning merchandise can cause me enormous inconvenience and importation taxes.
Send by regular mail, insured with tracking.  USPS is better but If you use UPS or FEDEX, choose “UPS EXPRESS” and not “STANDARD” so as to avoid brokerage fees, which costs us usually $35.  Better still, get a UPS account that we can use to return it to you.  Describe the value as $0 no resale value. Do not mention the words colloidal, silver, gold. Customs tariff number for water purifiers is 8421.99.  We will do repairs and upgrades under warranty free of charge, but due to increasing shipment costs we can no longer pay for return shipment and will have to bill you for return cost.
Disclaimer: The information conveyed here is based on records and research for your information which is for horticultural, educational, sacramental and research purposes only.  No statement should be taken as medical advice.  It is not claimed or implied here that Mono-atomic or Colloidal mineral waters will cure any disease.
12 volt adapter cable:  We can supply a simple 12 volt automobile adapter cable to plug into our new generators, which can run off 12 volts.   This could be useful along with solar power in preparation for the forthcoming collapse of society.
HOT TUBS AND SWIMMING POOLS:  These are generally disinfected with colloidal copper, using inexpensive large copper electrodes in-line. We have been supplying pool ionizers for several years. These also could be powered from solar. See our link at http://www.biophysica.com/disinfection_water_ionizers/pool_disinfection_water_ionizers.php
REFERENCES & LITERATURE
Booklets: If you are planning to sell or give away CS water, there are available two out of print attractive 50 page and 15 page little booklets which well explain Colloidal Silver and which we can sell to you in pdf format for $10 each.
Also look at Steve Barwick, author The Ultimate Colloidal Silver Manual
VIDEOS:
Our Colloidal video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30LAsQWP68s
Our Ionization Video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXQFLOQvOlQ
Recent Videos:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOZW2kN6fPs&feature=channel_page   lecture by Dr John Stewart
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGyORfgxGs4     Lecture by  Chris Hyslop of Commercial Science, Crawley UK replies to questions and concerns about using Colloidal Silver and the blue man hoax. Further information on www.comsci.org.uk
This information is a condensation of publicly available literature and is for scientific information purposes only.

 

 

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